Hawaiian Historical Legends, Maui the Polynesian, sentence 52
By and by Maui learned to make fire by rubbing sticks together.
Who acts: Maui · What happens: learn, make, rub · To what, where: fire, sticks
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Maui the Polynesian. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Maui), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 4 Maui | case |
| 2 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 Maui | cc |
| 3 | by | by | ADP | _ | 4 Maui | case |
| 4 | Maui | Maui | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 learned | nsubj |
| 5 | learned | learn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 make | mark |
| 7 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 learned | xcomp |
| 8 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 make | obj |
| 9 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 10 rubbing | mark |
| 10 | rubbing | rub | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 make | advcl |
| 11 | sticks | stick | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 rubbing | obj |
| 12 | together | together | ADV | _ | 10 rubbing | advmod |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 learned | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | learn | past | Maui | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | Maui not said here | fire | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fire=Product | ||||
| 3 | rub | gerund | Maui not said here | sticks | together property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent stick=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/2/52/