Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 27
Laws had been made by kings and chiefs as far back as the year 1823.
Who acts: kings · What happens: make · To what, where: Laws
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Laws | law | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 made | aux:pass |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 kings | case |
| 6 | kings | king | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | obl |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 chiefs | cc |
| 8 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 kings | conj |
| 9 | as | as | ADV | _ | 10 far | advmod |
| 10 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 11 back | advmod |
| 11 | back | back | ADV | _ | 14 year | advmod |
| 12 | as | as | ADP | _ | 14 year | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 year | det |
| 14 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obl |
| 15 | 1823 | 1823 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 14 year | flat |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past · perfect · passive | kings and chiefs | Laws | year | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/27/