Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 28
Many difficulties had been decided according to the tabu, or practices of the chiefs, or according to the general principles of common law.
What happens: decide, accord, practice · To what, where: Many difficulties, chiefs
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 difficulties | amod |
| 2 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 decided | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 decided | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 decided | aux:pass |
| 5 | decided | decide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 tabu | case |
| 7 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 according | fixed |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 tabu | det |
| 9 | tabu | tabu | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 decided | obl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 practices | punct |
| 11 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 12 practices | cc |
| 12 | practices | practice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 decided | obl |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 chiefs | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 chiefs | det |
| 15 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 practices | nmod |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 principles | punct |
| 17 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 22 principles | cc |
| 18 | according | accord | VERB | ExtPos=ADP Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 principles | case |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 according | fixed |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 principles | det |
| 21 | general | general | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 principles | amod |
| 22 | principles | principle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 decided | obl |
| 23 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 law | case |
| 24 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 law | amod |
| 25 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 principles | nmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 decided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | past · perfect · passive | Many difficulties | accord the tabu; accord the general principles of common law; practices of the chiefs obl | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Topic | ||||
| 2 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | accord | gerund | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | practice | the chiefs | nom practice «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/28/