Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 29
The established customs of civilised nations had considerable force in disputes between natives and foreigners.
Who acts: established customs · What happens: establish, civilise, have · To what, where: considerable force, disputes
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (established customs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 customs | det |
| 2 | established | establish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 customs | amod |
| 3 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 had | nsubj |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 nations | case |
| 5 | civilised | civilise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 nations | amod |
| 6 | nations | nation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 had | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | considerable | considerable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 force | amod |
| 9 | force | force | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 had | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 disputes | case |
| 11 | disputes | dispute | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 had | obl |
| 12 | between | between | ADP | _ | 13 natives | case |
| 13 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 disputes | nmod |
| 14 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 foreigners | cc |
| 15 | foreigners | foreigner | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 natives | conj |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | establish | participle | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 2 | civilise | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 3 | have | past | the established customs | considerable force | disputes between natives and foreigners | civilised nations nsubj | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent force=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/21/29/