Hawaiian Historical Legends, The First Constitution, sentence 30
But at last the rulers of the land began to put their government into permanent shape.
Who acts: last · What happens: begin, put · To what, where: government, permanent shape
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The First Constitution. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 began | cc |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 3 last | case |
| 3 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 began | nsubj |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 rulers | det |
| 5 | rulers | ruler | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 last | nsubj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 land | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 land | det |
| 8 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rulers | nmod |
| 9 | began | begin | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | to | to | PART | _ | 11 put | mark |
| 11 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 began | xcomp |
| 12 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 government | nmod:poss |
| 13 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | obj |
| 14 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 shape | case |
| 15 | permanent | permanent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 shape | amod |
| 16 | shape | shape | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 put | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 began | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | begin | past | last the rulers of the land | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 2 | put | to-infinitive | last the rulers of the land not said here | disputes's government | permanent shape | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent government=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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