Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 100
The Frenchmen soon discovered that the difficulties could be easily settled, and the long list of grievances “were reduced to two points, viz., the liberty of Catholic worship and the trade in spirits.”
Who acts: Frenchmen · What happens: discover, settle, reduce, list · To what, where: difficulties, grievances, two points
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Frenchmen), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Frenchmen | det |
| 2 | Frenchmen | frenchman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 discovered | nsubj |
| 3 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 4 discovered | advmod |
| 4 | discovered | discover | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 settled | mark |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 difficulties | det |
| 7 | difficulties | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 settled | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 settled | aux |
| 9 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 settled | aux:pass |
| 10 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 11 settled | advmod |
| 11 | settled | settle | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 discovered | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 list | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 list | cc |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 list | det |
| 15 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 list | amod |
| 16 | list | list | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 settled | conj |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 grievances | case |
| 18 | grievances | grievance | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 list | nmod |
| 19 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 21 reduced | punct |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 reduced | aux:pass |
| 21 | reduced | reduce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 grievances | acl |
| 22 | to | to | ADP | _ | 24 points | case |
| 23 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 24 points | nummod |
| 24 | points | point | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 reduced | obl |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 viz | punct |
| 26 | viz | viz | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 points | conj |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 discovered | punct |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 liberty | punct |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 liberty | det |
| 30 | liberty | liberty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 discovered | parataxis |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 worship | case |
| 32 | Catholic | catholic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 worship | amod |
| 33 | worship | worship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 liberty | nmod |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 trade | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 trade | det |
| 36 | trade | trade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 liberty | conj |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 spirits | case |
| 38 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 trade | nmod |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 36 trade | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 36 trade | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | discover | past | the Frenchmen | the liberty of Catholic worship and the trade in spirits parataxis; soon property | vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | settle | could · passive | the difficulties | the long list of grievances conj; easily property | vn odge-46-1 «NP V ADV»: subject=Location | ||||
| 3 | reduce in a quote | past · passive | grievances not said here | to two points and viz goal | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_ING»: to point=Goal | ||||
| 4 | list | grievances | nom list «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/22/100/