Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 14
The fact that Ka-meha-meha placed the English flag over his government has sometimes been construed as a technical “cession of the islands to the English crown.”
Who acts: Ka · What happens: place, construe, cede · To what, where: English flag, government, fact, islands
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fact | det |
| 2 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 construed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 placed | mark |
| 4 | Ka | Ka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 placed | nsubj |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 4 Ka | punct |
| 6 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 4 Ka | dep |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 8 meha | punct |
| 8 | meha | meha | X | Foreign=Yes | 4 Ka | dep |
| 9 | placed | place | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 fact | acl |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 flag | det |
| 11 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 flag | amod |
| 12 | flag | flag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 placed | obj |
| 13 | over | over | ADP | _ | 15 government | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 government | nmod:poss |
| 15 | government | government | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 placed | obl |
| 16 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 19 construed | aux |
| 17 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 19 construed | advmod |
| 18 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 19 construed | aux:pass |
| 19 | construed | construe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 cession | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 cession | det |
| 22 | technical | technical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 cession | amod |
| 23 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 cession | punct |
| 24 | cession | cession | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 construed | obl |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 islands | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 islands | det |
| 27 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 cession | nmod |
| 28 | to | to | ADP | _ | 31 crown | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 crown | det |
| 30 | English | English | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 crown | amod |
| 31 | crown | crown | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 islands | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 19 construed | punct |
| 33 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 19 construed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | place | past | Ka | the English flag | Ka's government | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent flag=Theme over government=Destination | |||
| 2 | construe | present · perfect · passive | the fact | as a technical cession of the islands to the English crown; sometimes property | vn base-97.1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 3 | cede in a quote | the islands to the English crown | nom cession «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/22/14/