Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Hawaiian Flag, sentence 50
The captain of this ship, Alexander Adams, found trouble waiting for him at Canton, “because the Chinese authorities refused to recognise the Hawaiian flag, which had never before been seen in that port.”
Who acts: found trouble, captain · What happens: find, wait, refuse, not recognise, not see · To what, where: Canton, Hawaiian flag, port
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Flag. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (found trouble, captain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 captain | det |
| 2 | captain | captain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 refused | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 ship | case |
| 4 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 5 ship | det |
| 5 | ship | ship | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 captain | nmod |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 Adams | punct |
| 7 | Alexander | Alexander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Adams | compound |
| 8 | Adams | adam | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 captain | conj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 trouble | punct |
| 10 | found | find | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 trouble | amod |
| 11 | trouble | trouble | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 captain | conj |
| 12 | waiting | wait | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 11 trouble | acl |
| 13 | for | for | ADP | _ | 14 him | case |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 waiting | obl |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 16 Canton | case |
| 16 | Canton | Canton | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 waiting | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 refused | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 refused | punct |
| 19 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 23 refused | mark |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 authorities | det |
| 21 | Chinese | Chinese | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 authorities | amod |
| 22 | authorities | authority | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 refused | nsubj |
| 23 | refused | refuse | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | to | to | PART | _ | 25 recognise | mark |
| 25 | recognise | recognise | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 refused | xcomp |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 flag | det |
| 27 | Hawaiian | hawaiian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 flag | amod |
| 28 | flag | flag | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 recognise | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 seen | punct |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 seen | obj |
| 31 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 seen | aux |
| 32 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 35 seen | advmod |
| 33 | before | before | ADV | _ | 35 seen | advmod |
| 34 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 35 seen | aux:pass |
| 35 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 flag | acl:relcl |
| 36 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 port | case |
| 37 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 38 port | det |
| 38 | port | port | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 seen | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 refused | punct |
| 40 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 23 refused | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | participle | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 2 | wait | gerund | found trouble not said here | Canton | for Captain | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at canton=Location | |||
| 3 | refuse in a quote | past | the captain of this ship and Alexander Adams and found trouble | the Chinese authorities nsubj | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not recognise in a quote | to-infinitive | the captain of this ship and Alexander Adams and found trouble not said here | the Hawaiian flag | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer flag=Stimulus | ||||
| 5 | not see in a quote | past · perfect · passive | the Hawaiian flag | that port | before property | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: which=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/22/50/