Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 11
Large crowds of natives were watching the workmen as the stone adzes rang for the last time on the boarded-up sides of the boat.
Who acts: Large crowds, stone · What happens: watch, adz, ring, board up · To what, where: workmen
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Large crowds, stone), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 crowds | amod |
| 2 | crowds | crowd | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 watching | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 natives | case |
| 4 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 crowds | nmod |
| 5 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 watching | aux |
| 6 | watching | watch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 workmen | det |
| 8 | workmen | workman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 watching | obj |
| 9 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 12 adzes | mark |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 stone | det |
| 11 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 adzes | nsubj |
| 12 | adzes | adz | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 6 watching | advcl |
| 13 | rang | ring | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 adzes | ccomp |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 17 time | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 time | det |
| 16 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 time | amod |
| 17 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 rang | obl |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 23 sides | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 sides | det |
| 20 | boarded | board | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 sides | amod |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 up | punct |
| 22 | up | up | ADP | _ | 20 boarded | compound:prt |
| 23 | sides | side | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 time | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 boat | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 boat | det |
| 26 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 sides | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 watching | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | watch | past · progressive | Large crowds of natives | the workmen | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent workman=Theme | ||||
| 2 | adz | present | the stone | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | ring | past | the stone not said here | time | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | board up | participle | vn odge-46-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/11/