Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 12
As the two young chiefs drew near they saw a small company of solemn, dignified men, evidently of high rank, emerge from the door of a large grass house and march slowly to the side of the long boat.
Who acts: two young chiefs, chiefs, you · What happens: draw, see, emerge · To what, where: small company, door
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (two young chiefs, chiefs, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | SCONJ | _ | 6 drew | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chiefs | det |
| 3 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 5 chiefs | nummod |
| 4 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 chiefs | amod |
| 5 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 drew | nsubj |
| 6 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 emerge | advcl |
| 7 | near | near | ADP | _ | 9 saw | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 saw | nsubj |
| 9 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 drew | ccomp |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 company | det |
| 11 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 company | amod |
| 12 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 saw | obj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 men | case |
| 14 | solemn | solemn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 men | amod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 solemn | punct |
| 16 | dignified | dignified | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 men | amod |
| 17 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 company | nmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 emerge | punct |
| 19 | evidently | evidently | ADV | _ | 24 emerge | advmod |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 rank | case |
| 21 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 rank | amod |
| 22 | rank | rank | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 emerge | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 rank | punct |
| 24 | emerge | emerge | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 25 | from | from | ADP | _ | 27 door | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 door | det |
| 27 | door | door | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 emerge | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 32 house | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 house | det |
| 30 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 house | amod |
| 31 | grass | grass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 house | compound |
| 32 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 door | nmod |
| 33 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 34 march | cc |
| 34 | march | march | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 house | conj |
| 35 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 38 side | advmod |
| 36 | to | to | ADP | _ | 38 side | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 side | det |
| 38 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 emerge | obl |
| 39 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 boat | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 42 boat | det |
| 41 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 boat | amod |
| 42 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 side | nmod |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 emerge | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past | the two young chiefs | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | see | past | chiefs = chief | a small company of solemn dignified men | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer company=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | emerge | imperative | you not said here | the door of a large grass house and march | of high rank; to the side of the long boat; evidently property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme of rank=Initial_Location from door=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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