Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 121
During that night a heavy wind tossed the sea waves into foam, but as the morning broke the wind died away, leaving ideal surf waves rolling in from the far-off coral reef, through the harbour, up to the beach.
Who acts: heavy wind, sea, wind · What happens: toss, wave, break, die away, leave, roll in · To what, where: foam, ideal surf waves, far harbour
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy wind, sea, wind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 night | case |
| 2 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 night | det |
| 3 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tossed | obl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 wind | det |
| 5 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 wind | amod |
| 6 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 tossed | nsubj |
| 7 | tossed | toss | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sea | det |
| 9 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 waves | nsubj |
| 10 | waves | wave | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 tossed | ccomp |
| 11 | into | into | ADP | _ | 12 foam | case |
| 12 | foam | foam | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 waves | obl |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 broke | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 18 broke | cc |
| 15 | as | as | ADP | _ | 17 morning | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 morning | det |
| 17 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 broke | obl |
| 18 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 tossed | conj |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 wind | det |
| 20 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 died | nsubj |
| 21 | died | die | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 broke | ccomp |
| 22 | away | away | ADV | _ | 21 died | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 leaving | punct |
| 24 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 21 died | advcl |
| 25 | ideal | ideal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 waves | amod |
| 26 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 waves | compound |
| 27 | waves | wave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 leaving | obj |
| 28 | rolling | roll | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 leaving | conj |
| 29 | in | in | ADV | _ | 28 rolling | advmod |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 40 harbour | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 harbour | det |
| 32 | far | far | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 harbour | amod |
| 33 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 off | punct |
| 34 | off | off | ADP | _ | 36 reef | case |
| 35 | coral | coral | NOUN | _ | 36 reef | compound |
| 36 | reef | reef | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 far | obl |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 harbour | punct |
| 38 | through | through | ADP | _ | 40 harbour | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 harbour | det |
| 40 | harbour | harbour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 rolling | obl |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 beach | punct |
| 42 | up | up | ADV | _ | 45 beach | advmod |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 beach | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 beach | det |
| 45 | beach | beach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 harbour | conj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 tossed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | toss | past | a heavy wind | night | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | wave | present | the sea | foam | vn wink-40.3.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into foam=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | break | past | a heavy wind not said here | morning | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | die away | past | the wind | away property | vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | ||||
| 5 | leave | gerund | the wind not said here | ideal surf waves | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wave=Theme | ||||
| 6 | roll in | gerund | the wind not said here | the far harbour and the beach | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from harbour=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/121/