Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 122
A number of chiefs, taking long boards, thinned and smoothed by stone knives and polished with the rough skin of the shark, swam far out into the ocean.
Who acts: chiefs, number · What happens: take, thin, smooth, polish, swim · To what, where: long boards, ocean
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs, number), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 number | det |
| 2 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 swam | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 chiefs | case |
| 4 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 number | nmod |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 6 taking | punct |
| 6 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 4 chiefs | acl |
| 7 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 boards | amod |
| 8 | boards | board | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 taking | obj |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 thinned | punct |
| 10 | thinned | thin | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 boards | acl |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 smoothed | cc |
| 12 | smoothed | smooth | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 thinned | conj |
| 13 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 knives | case |
| 14 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 knives | compound |
| 15 | knives | knife | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 smoothed | obl |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 polished | cc |
| 17 | polished | polish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 smoothed | conj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 skin | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 skin | det |
| 20 | rough | rough | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 skin | amod |
| 21 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 polished | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 shark | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 shark | det |
| 24 | shark | shark | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 skin | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 number | punct |
| 26 | swam | swim | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 27 | far | far | ADV | Degree=Pos | 28 out | advmod |
| 28 | out | out | ADV | _ | 26 swam | advmod |
| 29 | into | into | ADP | _ | 31 ocean | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 ocean | det |
| 31 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 swam | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 26 swam | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | take | gerund | chiefs not said here | long boards | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent board=Theme | ||||
| 2 | thin | participle | long boards not said here | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 3 | smooth | participle | by stone knives | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||||
| 4 | polish | participle | with the rough skin of the shark | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent with skin=Theme | |||||
| 5 | swim | past | a number of chiefs | the ocean | out property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ocean=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/122/