Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 170
The sudden shock swept the sled out of its course against the sled or in the pathway of an opponent, and in a moment a confused mass of broken sleds and stunned riders would be dashed down the hillside.
Who acts: sudden shock · What happens: sweep, break, stun, dash down · To what, where: sled, course, riders, confused mass
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sudden shock), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 shock | det |
| 2 | sudden | sudden | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 shock | amod |
| 3 | shock | shock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swept | nsubj |
| 4 | swept | sweep | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sled | det |
| 6 | sled | sled | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swept | obj |
| 7 | out | out | ADP | _ | 10 course | case |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 course | case |
| 9 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 course | nmod:poss |
| 10 | course | course | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swept | obl |
| 11 | against | against | ADP | _ | 13 sled | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 sled | det |
| 13 | sled | sled | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 swept | obl |
| 14 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 17 pathway | cc |
| 15 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 pathway | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 pathway | det |
| 17 | pathway | pathway | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sled | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 20 opponent | case |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 opponent | det |
| 20 | opponent | opponent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 pathway | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 dashed | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 37 dashed | cc |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 moment | case |
| 24 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 25 moment | det |
| 25 | moment | moment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dashed | obl |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 28 mass | det |
| 27 | confused | confused | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 mass | amod |
| 28 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dashed | nsubj:pass |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 sleds | case |
| 30 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 sleds | amod |
| 31 | sleds | sled | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 mass | nmod |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 stunned | cc |
| 33 | stunned | stun | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 mass | conj |
| 34 | riders | rider | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 stunned | obj |
| 35 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 dashed | aux |
| 36 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 37 dashed | aux:pass |
| 37 | dashed | dash | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 swept | parataxis |
| 38 | down | down | ADP | _ | 37 dashed | compound:prt |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 hillside | det |
| 40 | hillside | hillside | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 dashed | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 swept | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | sweep | past | the sudden shock | the sled | shock's course | against the sled or the pathway of a opponent | vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent sled=Theme out course=Trajectory | ||
| 2 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 3 | stun | past | riders | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus rider=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | dash down | would · passive | a confused mass of broken sleds | moment | the hillside obj | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP ADJP»: subject=Patient hillside=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/170/