Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 180
The high chiefs had prepared for their own sport a long, smooth path, beaten down until it was hard as a rock.
Who acts: chiefs · What happens: prepare, beat down, be, sport · To what, where: high chiefs, long smooth path
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 chiefs | det |
| 2 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 chiefs | amod |
| 3 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 prepared | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 prepared | aux |
| 5 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | for | for | ADP | _ | 9 sport | case |
| 7 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 sport | nmod:poss |
| 8 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sport | amod |
| 9 | sport | sport | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 prepared | obl |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 path | det |
| 11 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 path | amod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 long | punct |
| 13 | smooth | smooth | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 path | amod |
| 14 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 sport | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 beaten | punct |
| 16 | beaten | beat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 path | acl |
| 17 | down | down | ADP | _ | 16 beaten | compound:prt |
| 18 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 21 hard | mark |
| 19 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 hard | expl |
| 20 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 hard | cop |
| 21 | hard | hard | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 beaten | advcl |
| 22 | as | as | ADP | _ | 24 rock | case |
| 23 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 24 rock | det |
| 24 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hard | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 prepared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | prepare | past · perfect · passive | the high chiefs | for chiefs's own sport a long smooth path | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Product for sport=Beneficiary | ||||
| 2 | beat down | participle | a long smooth path not said here | vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | past | as a rock; hard property | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | sport | chiefs = chief | nom sport «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/180/