Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 181
Here they were accustomed to throw heavy hardwood darts, which, sliding along the path, would either pass between two marks at a given distance from the thrower or sometimes strike a small stick set upright at the end of a straight line drawn along the centre of the path.
Who acts: heavy hardwood darts · What happens: accustom, throw, slide, pass, give, strike · To what, where: chiefs, heavy hardwood darts, path, two marks, small stick, end
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heavy hardwood darts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 accustomed | advmod |
| 2 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 accustomed | nsubj |
| 3 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 accustomed | aux:pass |
| 4 | accustomed | accustom | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 throw | mark |
| 6 | throw | throw | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 accustomed | xcomp |
| 7 | heavy | heavy | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 darts | amod |
| 8 | hardwood | hardwood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 darts | compound |
| 9 | darts | dart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 throw | obj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sliding | punct |
| 11 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 sliding | nsubj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 sliding | punct |
| 13 | sliding | slide | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 darts | acl |
| 14 | along | along | ADP | _ | 16 path | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 path | det |
| 16 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 sliding | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 pass | punct |
| 18 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 pass | aux |
| 19 | either | either | ADV | PronType=Ind | 20 pass | advmod |
| 20 | pass | pass | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 4 accustomed | parataxis |
| 21 | between | between | ADP | _ | 23 marks | case |
| 22 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 marks | nummod |
| 23 | marks | mark | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 pass | obl |
| 24 | at | at | ADP | _ | 27 distance | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 distance | det |
| 26 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 27 distance | amod |
| 27 | distance | distance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 pass | obl |
| 28 | from | from | ADP | _ | 30 thrower | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 thrower | det |
| 30 | thrower | thrower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 distance | nmod |
| 31 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 33 strike | cc |
| 32 | sometimes | sometimes | ADV | PronType=Ind | 33 strike | advmod |
| 33 | strike | strike | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 20 pass | conj |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 36 stick | det |
| 35 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 stick | amod |
| 36 | stick | stick | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 strike | obj |
| 37 | set | set | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 36 stick | acl |
| 38 | upright | upright | ADV | _ | 37 set | advmod |
| 39 | at | at | ADP | _ | 41 end | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 end | det |
| 41 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 set | obl |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 line | case |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 45 line | det |
| 44 | straight | straight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 line | amod |
| 45 | line | line | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 end | nmod |
| 46 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 line | acl |
| 47 | along | along | ADP | _ | 49 centre | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 centre | det |
| 49 | centre | centre | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 drawn | obl |
| 50 | of | of | ADP | _ | 52 path | case |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 path | det |
| 52 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 centre | nmod |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 accustomed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accustom | past · passive | chiefs = chief | here | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | throw | to-infinitive | heavy hardwood darts | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dart=Theme | |||||
| 3 | slide | gerund | heavy hardwood darts | the path | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along path=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | pass | would | two marks | at a given distance from the thrower; either property | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme between mark=Location | ||||
| 5 | give | participle | vn break_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 6 | strike | infinitive | a small stick | sometimes property | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stick=Patient | ||||
| 7 | set | participle | a small stick not said here | at the end of a straight line | upright property | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at end=Destination | |||
| 8 | draw | participle | a straight line not said here | along the centre of the path | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66357/7/181/