Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 77
As the large boat came near the shore the oarsmen leaped into the surf; chosen men from the other canoes joined them.
Who acts: chosen men · What happens: come, leap, choose, join · To what, where: shore, oarsmen, surf, canoes
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (chosen men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | As | as | ADP | _ | 4 boat | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 boat | det |
| 3 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 boat | amod |
| 4 | boat | boat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 5 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | near | near | ADP | _ | 8 shore | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 shore | det |
| 8 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 came | obl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 oarsmen | det |
| 10 | oarsmen | oarsman | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 shore | conj |
| 11 | leaped | leap | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 10 oarsmen | acl |
| 12 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 surf | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 surf | det |
| 14 | surf | surf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 leaped | obl |
| 15 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 17 men | punct |
| 16 | chosen | choose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 17 men | amod |
| 17 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 joined | nsubj |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 canoes | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 canoes | det |
| 20 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 canoes | amod |
| 21 | canoes | canoe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 men | nmod |
| 22 | joined | join | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 came | parataxis |
| 23 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 22 joined | obj |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | the shore and the oarsmen | as the large boat | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near shore=Location | ||||
| 2 | leap | participle | the oarsmen not said here | the surf | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into surf=Destination | ||||
| 3 | choose | participle | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 4 | join | past | chosen men from the other canoes | canoes = canoe | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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