Hawaiian Historical Legends, The Sons of Kii, sentence 93
The dance ended by two chiefs taking war clubs and, while in motion, keeping time with the drums, twirling the clubs and striking rapidly at each other, circling the clubs over each other’s heads and yet avoiding all injury to one another.
Who acts: dance, two chiefs · What happens: end, take, keep, twirl, strike, circle · To what, where: war clubs, clubs, injury, one
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, The Sons of Kii. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (dance, two chiefs), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 dance | det |
| 2 | dance | dance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ended | nsubj |
| 3 | ended | end | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 chiefs | case |
| 5 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 6 chiefs | nummod |
| 6 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 ended | obl |
| 7 | taking | take | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 6 chiefs | acl |
| 8 | war | war | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 clubs | compound |
| 9 | clubs | club | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 taking | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 motion | cc |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 motion | punct |
| 12 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 14 motion | mark |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 motion | case |
| 14 | motion | motion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 ended | conj |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 keeping | punct |
| 16 | keeping | keep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 ended | advcl |
| 17 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 keeping | obj |
| 18 | with | with | ADP | _ | 20 drums | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 drums | det |
| 20 | drums | drum | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 time | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 twirling | punct |
| 22 | twirling | twirl | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 keeping | conj |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 clubs | det |
| 24 | clubs | club | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 twirling | obj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 striking | cc |
| 26 | striking | strike | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 22 twirling | conj |
| 27 | rapidly | rapidly | ADV | _ | 26 striking | advmod |
| 28 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 each | case |
| 29 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 26 striking | obl |
| 30 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 each | fixed |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 circling | punct |
| 32 | circling | circle | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 keeping | conj |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 clubs | det |
| 34 | clubs | club | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 circling | obj |
| 35 | over | over | ADP | _ | 36 each | case |
| 36 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 37 other | det |
| 37 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 heads | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 37 other | case |
| 39 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 circling | obj |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 avoiding | cc |
| 41 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 42 avoiding | advmod |
| 42 | avoiding | avoid | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 keeping | conj |
| 43 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 44 injury | det |
| 44 | injury | injury | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 avoiding | obj |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 46 one | case |
| 46 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 42 avoiding | obl |
| 47 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 46 one | fixed |
| 48 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 ended | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | end | past | the dance | by two chiefs; motion conj | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality | ||||
| 2 | take | gerund | two chiefs not said here | war clubs | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent club=Theme | ||||
| 3 | keep | gerund | the dance not said here | time | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | twirl | gerund | the dance not said here | the clubs | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent club=Material | ||||
| 5 | strike | gerund | the dance not said here | at each; rapidly property | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent at each=Patient | ||||
| 6 | circle | gerund | the dance not said here | the clubs | each other's heads obj | tree rules | |||
| 7 | avoid | gerund | the dance not said here | all injury | one | yet | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent injury=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Historical Legends» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66357 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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