Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 14
The last activity along this crack appears to have moved slowly through thousands of years from west to east, and each volcanic mountain that was built made a stopper to force the liquid out along the crack farther eastward until finally two live volcanoes, Mauna Loa and Kilauea, were left at the extreme east end, still spouting out the liquid and building up domes.
Who acts: last activity, volcanic mountain · What happens: appear, move, build, make, force out, leave · To what, where: thousands, volcanic mountain, stopper, liquid, extreme east end, domes
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (last activity, volcanic mountain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 activity | det |
| 2 | last | last | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 activity | amod |
| 3 | activity | activity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 appears | nsubj |
| 4 | along | along | ADP | _ | 6 crack | case |
| 5 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 crack | det |
| 6 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 activity | nmod |
| 7 | appears | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 10 moved | mark |
| 9 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 10 moved | aux |
| 10 | moved | move | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 appears | ccomp |
| 11 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 10 moved | advmod |
| 12 | through | through | ADP | _ | 13 thousands | case |
| 13 | thousands | thousand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 moved | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 years | case |
| 15 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 thousands | nmod |
| 16 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 west | case |
| 17 | west | west | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 moved | obl |
| 18 | to | to | ADP | _ | 19 east | case |
| 19 | east | east | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 west | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 made | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 made | cc |
| 22 | each | each | DET | PronType=Tot | 24 mountain | det |
| 23 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 mountain | amod |
| 24 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 made | nsubj |
| 25 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 built | nsubj:pass |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 built | aux:pass |
| 27 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 mountain | acl:relcl |
| 28 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 appears | parataxis |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 stopper | det |
| 30 | stopper | stopper | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 made | obj |
| 31 | to | to | PART | _ | 32 force | mark |
| 32 | force | force | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 made | advcl |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 liquid | det |
| 34 | liquid | liquid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 force | obj |
| 35 | out | out | ADV | _ | 32 force | advmod |
| 36 | along | along | ADP | _ | 38 crack | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 crack | det |
| 38 | crack | crack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 force | obl |
| 39 | farther | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 40 eastward | advmod |
| 40 | eastward | eastward | ADV | _ | 32 force | advmod |
| 41 | until | until | ADP | _ | 45 volcanoes | case |
| 42 | finally | finally | ADV | _ | 43 two | advmod |
| 43 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 45 volcanoes | nummod |
| 44 | live | live | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 volcanoes | amod |
| 45 | volcanoes | volcano | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 force | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 made | punct |
| 47 | Mauna | Mauna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 made | obj |
| 48 | Loa | Loa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Mauna | flat |
| 49 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 50 Kilauea | cc |
| 50 | Kilauea | Kilauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 47 Mauna | conj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 left | punct |
| 52 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 53 left | aux:pass |
| 53 | left | leave | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 made | conj |
| 54 | at | at | ADP | _ | 58 end | case |
| 55 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 end | det |
| 56 | extreme | extreme | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 end | amod |
| 57 | east | east | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 58 end | amod |
| 58 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 left | obl |
| 59 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 61 spouting | punct |
| 60 | still | still | ADV | _ | 61 spouting | advmod |
| 61 | spouting | spout | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 53 left | advcl |
| 62 | out | out | ADP | _ | 61 spouting | compound:prt |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 liquid | det |
| 64 | liquid | liquid | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 spouting | obj |
| 65 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 66 building | cc |
| 66 | building | build | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 61 spouting | conj |
| 67 | up | up | ADP | _ | 66 building | compound:prt |
| 68 | domes | dome | NOUN | Number=Plur | 66 building | obj |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 appears | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | present | the last activity along this crack | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | move | to-infinitive · perfect | the last activity along this crack not said here | thousands of years | from west to east; slowly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V PP.source PP.trajectory PP.destination»: agent=Theme through thousand=Source from west=Trajectory | |||
| 3 | build | past · passive | each volcanic mountain | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product | |||||
| 4 | make | past | each volcanic mountain | a stopper | Mauna and Kilauea obj | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset stopper=Beneficiary mauna=Product | |||
| 5 | force out | to-infinitive | each volcanic mountain not said here | the liquid | until two live volcanoes | along the crack; eastward, out property | vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent liquid=Theme | ||
| 6 | leave | past · passive | each volcanic mountain not said here | at the extreme east end | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: at end=Location | ||||
| 7 | spout out | gerund | each volcanic mountain not said here | the liquid | still | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location liquid=Source | |||
| 8 | build up | gerund | each volcanic mountain not said here | domes | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer dome=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/1/14/