Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 30
These built up until they had nearly exhausted the lava available, owing to their height, and then a new vent, Mauna Loa, burst out in the center, filling a long spoon-shaped valley between them and to the southwest of Mauna Kea.
Who acts: new vent · What happens: build up, exhaust, owe, burst out, fill, shape · To what, where: These, cones, height, center, long shaped valley
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (new vent), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | These | this | PRON | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 2 built | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 built | compound:prt |
| 4 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 8 exhausted | mark |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 exhausted | nsubj:pass |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 exhausted | aux |
| 7 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 8 exhausted | advmod |
| 8 | exhausted | exhaust | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 built | advcl |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 lava | det |
| 10 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 exhausted | obj |
| 11 | available | available | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 lava | amod |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 owing | punct |
| 13 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 available | advcl |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 height | case |
| 15 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 height | nmod:poss |
| 16 | height | height | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 owing | obl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 burst | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 burst | cc |
| 19 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 27 burst | advmod |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 vent | det |
| 21 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 vent | amod |
| 22 | vent | vent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 burst | nsubj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 Mauna | punct |
| 24 | Mauna | Mauna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 22 vent | appos |
| 25 | Loa | Loa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 24 Mauna | flat |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 vent | punct |
| 27 | burst | burst | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 built | conj |
| 28 | out | out | ADP | _ | 27 burst | compound:prt |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 center | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 center | det |
| 31 | center | center | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 burst | obl |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 filling | punct |
| 33 | filling | fill | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 burst | advcl |
| 34 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 valley | det |
| 35 | long | long | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 valley | amod |
| 36 | spoon | spoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 shaped | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 spoon | punct |
| 38 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 valley | amod |
| 39 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 33 filling | obj |
| 40 | between | between | ADP | _ | 41 them | case |
| 41 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 valley | nmod |
| 42 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 southwest | cc |
| 43 | to | to | ADP | _ | 45 southwest | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 southwest | det |
| 45 | southwest | southwest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 them | conj |
| 46 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 Kea | case |
| 47 | Mauna | Mauna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 Kea | compound |
| 48 | Kea | Kea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 45 southwest | nmod |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build up | participle · passive | These | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | exhaust | past · perfect · passive | cones = cone | the lava obj; nearly property | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Experiencer lava=Result | ||||
| 3 | owe | gerund | to cones's height goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to height=Goal | |||||
| 4 | burst out | past | a new vent | the center | then | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in center=Location | |||
| 5 | fill | gerund | a new vent not said here | a long shaped valley | between cones = cone | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent valley=Patient | |||
| 6 | shape | participle | spoon compound | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/1/30/