Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 29
Mauna Kea to the north appears to have been a great circular volcano about one hundred miles in diameter, and when it had extinguished itself by too much building, its lava took refuge in making two new cones out on the edge of the old mountain, namely Kilauea and Hualalai.
Who acts: Mauna, lava · What happens: appear, be, extinguish, take, make · To what, where: great circular volcano, diameter, refuge, two new cones, edge
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Mauna, lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mauna | Mauna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 appears | nsubj |
| 2 | Kea | Kea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 1 Mauna | flat |
| 3 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 north | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 north | det |
| 5 | north | north | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Mauna | nmod |
| 6 | appears | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 13 volcano | mark |
| 8 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 13 volcano | aux |
| 9 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 volcano | cop |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 volcano | det |
| 11 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 volcano | amod |
| 12 | circular | circular | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 volcano | amod |
| 13 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 appears | ccomp |
| 14 | about | about | ADP | _ | 17 miles | case |
| 15 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 16 hundred | compound |
| 16 | hundred | hundred | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 17 miles | nummod |
| 17 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 volcano | nmod |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 diameter | case |
| 19 | diameter | diameter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 miles | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 extinguished | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 extinguished | cc |
| 22 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 extinguished | advmod |
| 23 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 extinguished | nsubj:pass |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 extinguished | aux |
| 25 | extinguished | extinguish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 appears | conj |
| 26 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 25 extinguished | obj |
| 27 | by | by | ADP | _ | 30 building | case |
| 28 | too | too | ADV | _ | 29 much | advmod |
| 29 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 building | amod |
| 30 | building | building | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 extinguished | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 took | punct |
| 32 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 lava | nmod:poss |
| 33 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 took | nsubj |
| 34 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 appears | parataxis |
| 35 | refuge | refuge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 took | obj |
| 36 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 37 making | mark |
| 37 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 34 took | advcl |
| 38 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 40 cones | nummod |
| 39 | new | new | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 cones | amod |
| 40 | cones | cone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 making | obj |
| 41 | out | out | ADV | _ | 37 making | advmod |
| 42 | on | on | ADP | _ | 44 edge | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 edge | det |
| 44 | edge | edge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 making | obl |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 48 mountain | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 48 mountain | det |
| 47 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 mountain | amod |
| 48 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 edge | nmod |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 Kilauea | punct |
| 50 | namely | namely | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 51 Kilauea | amod |
| 51 | Kilauea | Kilauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 edge | appos |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 Hualalai | cc |
| 53 | Hualalai | Hualalai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 Kilauea | conj |
| 54 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 appears | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | appear | present | Mauna to the north | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | is a | to-infinitive · perfect | Mauna to the north not said here | a great circular volcano | about hundred miles in diameter | tree rules | |||
| 3 | extinguish | past · perfect · passive | diameter | by much building | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take | past | diameter's lava | refuge | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Theme | ||||
| 5 | make | gerund | diameter's lava not said here | two new cones | the edge of the old mountain | out property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset cone=Product |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/1/29/