Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Opening, sentence 48
The study of these kaaos or legends would demonstrate that the Hawaiians possessed a language not only adapted to their former necessities but capable of being used in introducing the arts of civilized society and especially of pure morals, of law, and the religion of the Bible.”
Who acts: study, Hawaiians · What happens: demonstrate, possess, not adapt, use, introduce, study · To what, where: language, former necessities, arts, kaaos
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (study, Hawaiians), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 study | det |
| 2 | study | study | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 demonstrate | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 kaaos | case |
| 4 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 5 kaaos | det |
| 5 | kaaos | kaao | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 study | nmod |
| 6 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 7 legends | cc |
| 7 | legends | legend | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 kaaos | conj |
| 8 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 9 demonstrate | aux |
| 9 | demonstrate | demonstrate | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 10 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 13 possessed | mark |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Hawaiians | det |
| 12 | Hawaiians | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Plur | 13 possessed | nsubj |
| 13 | possessed | possess | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 demonstrate | ccomp |
| 14 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 language | det |
| 15 | language | language | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 possessed | obj |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 adapted | advmod |
| 17 | only | only | ADV | _ | 18 adapted | advmod |
| 18 | adapted | adapt | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 possessed | advcl |
| 19 | to | to | ADP | _ | 22 necessities | case |
| 20 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 necessities | nmod:poss |
| 21 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 necessities | amod |
| 22 | necessities | necessity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 adapted | obl |
| 23 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 capable | cc |
| 24 | capable | capable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 adapted | conj |
| 25 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 27 used | mark |
| 26 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 used | aux:pass |
| 27 | used | use | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 24 capable | advcl |
| 28 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 29 introducing | mark |
| 29 | introducing | introduce | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 27 used | advcl |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 arts | det |
| 31 | arts | art | NOUN | Number=Plur | 29 introducing | obj |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 society | case |
| 33 | civilized | civilized | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 society | amod |
| 34 | society | society | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 arts | nmod |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 morals | cc |
| 36 | especially | especially | ADV | _ | 39 morals | advmod |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 morals | case |
| 38 | pure | pure | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 39 morals | amod |
| 39 | morals | moral | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 arts | conj |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 42 law | punct |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 law | case |
| 42 | law | law | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 introducing | obl |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 religion | punct |
| 44 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 46 religion | cc |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 religion | det |
| 46 | religion | religion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 demonstrate | conj |
| 47 | of | of | ADP | _ | 49 Bible | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 Bible | det |
| 49 | Bible | Bible | PROPN | Number=Sing | 46 religion | nmod |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 demonstrate | punct |
| 51 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 demonstrate | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | demonstrate | would | the study of this kaaos or legends | the religion of the Bible conj | vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | possess | past | the Hawaiians | a language | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot language=Theme | ||||
| 3 | not adapt | participle | the Hawaiians not said here | to LEGENDS's former necessities goal | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent to necessity=Goal | ||||
| 4 | use | gerund · passive | the Hawaiians not said here | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» | |||||
| 5 | introduce | gerund | the Hawaiians not said here | the arts of civilized society and pure morals | of law | vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent art=Patient | |||
| 6 | study | this kaaos or legends | nom study «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/1/48/