Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 18
The sled was so narrow and the difficulty of staying on it so great, that it became one of the most interesting contests in which chiefs and people delighted.
Who acts: sled, difficulty · What happens: be, stay, become · To what, where: difficulty
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sled, difficulty), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 sled | det |
| 2 | sled | sled | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 narrow | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 narrow | cop |
| 4 | so | so | ADV | _ | 5 narrow | advmod |
| 5 | narrow | narrow | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 difficulty | cc |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 difficulty | det |
| 8 | difficulty | difficulty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 narrow | conj |
| 9 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 10 staying | mark |
| 10 | staying | stay | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 8 difficulty | acl |
| 11 | on | on | ADP | _ | 12 it | case |
| 12 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 staying | obl |
| 13 | so | so | ADV | _ | 14 great | advmod |
| 14 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 staying | xcomp |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 became | punct |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 18 became | mark |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 became | nsubj |
| 18 | became | become | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 narrow | conj |
| 19 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 became | xcomp |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 24 contests | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 contests | det |
| 22 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 23 interesting | advmod |
| 23 | interesting | interesting | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 contests | amod |
| 24 | contests | contest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 one | nmod |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 which | case |
| 26 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 27 chiefs | det |
| 27 | chiefs | chief | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 contests | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 people | cc |
| 29 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 chiefs | conj |
| 30 | delighted | delighted | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 chiefs | amod |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 narrow | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the sled | the difficulty conj; narrow property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | stay | gerund | the difficulty not said here | difficulty | great property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on it=Location | |||
| 3 | become | past | difficulty | one of the interesting contests and which chiefs and people xcomp | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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