Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Pele and Kaha-wali, sentence 54
She challenged the chief to another start, and when they were on the hilltop asked him for his papa-holua.
Who acts: woman, Kaha, hilltop · What happens: challenge, be, ask · To what, where: chief, hilltop
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Pele and Kaha-wali. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (woman, Kaha, hilltop), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 challenged | nsubj |
| 2 | challenged | challenge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 chief | det |
| 4 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 challenged | obj |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 start | case |
| 6 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 start | det |
| 7 | start | start | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 challenged | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 asked | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 16 asked | cc |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 hilltop | advmod |
| 11 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 hilltop | nsubj |
| 12 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hilltop | cop |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 hilltop | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 hilltop | det |
| 15 | hilltop | hilltop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 asked | nsubj |
| 16 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 challenged | conj |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 asked | iobj |
| 18 | for | for | ADP | _ | 22 holua | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 holua | nmod:poss |
| 20 | papa | papa | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 holua | compound |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 20 papa | punct |
| 22 | holua | holua | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 asked | obl |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 challenged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | challenge | past | woman | the chief | to another start | tree rules | |||
| 2 | is | past | Kaha | the hilltop | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | ask speech: ask | past | the hilltop | chief | for hilltop's papa holua | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent he=Recipient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/10/54/