Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hopoe, the Dancing Stone, sentence 5
This stone in the long ago was called by the natives Hopoe, because Hopoe, the graceful dancer of Puna who taught Hiiaka, the youngest sister of Pele, how to dance, was changed into this rock.
Who acts: natives, graceful dancer · What happens: call, teach, dance, change · To what, where: stone, Hiiaka, rock · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hopoe, the Dancing Stone. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives, graceful dancer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 stone | det |
| 2 | stone | stone | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | in | in | SCONJ | _ | 8 called | mark |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 called | det |
| 5 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 ago | advmod |
| 6 | ago | ago | ADV | _ | 8 called | advmod |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 called | aux:pass |
| 8 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 stone | acl |
| 9 | by | by | ADP | _ | 11 natives | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 natives | det |
| 11 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 called | obl |
| 12 | Hopoe | Hopoe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 natives | appos |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 Hopoe | punct |
| 14 | because | because | ADP | ExtPos=ADP | 15 Hopoe | case |
| 15 | Hopoe | Hopoe | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 Hopoe | conj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 dancer | punct |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 dancer | det |
| 18 | graceful | graceful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 dancer | amod |
| 19 | dancer | dancer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Hopoe | appos |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 Puna | case |
| 21 | Puna | Puna | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 dancer | nmod |
| 22 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 taught | nsubj |
| 23 | taught | teach | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 dancer | acl:relcl |
| 24 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 taught | obj |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 sister | punct |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 sister | det |
| 27 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 28 sister | amod |
| 28 | sister | sister | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 Hopoe | appos |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Pele | case |
| 30 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 28 sister | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 dance | punct |
| 32 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 34 dance | advmod |
| 33 | to | to | PART | _ | 34 dance | mark |
| 34 | dance | dance | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | 12 Hopoe | parataxis |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 changed | punct |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 changed | aux:pass |
| 37 | changed | change | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 called | conj |
| 38 | into | into | ADP | _ | 40 rock | case |
| 39 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 40 rock | det |
| 40 | rock | rock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 changed | obl |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 stone | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | call | past · passive | the natives | this stone not said here | ago property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | teach speech: other | past | the graceful dancer of Puna | Hiiaka | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent hiiaka=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | dance | to-infinitive | vn modes_of_being_with_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 4 | change | past · passive | the natives not said here | into this rock result | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.result»: into rock=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/15/5/