Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 23
The land of the island Hawaii slopes down from the raging fire-pit, mile after mile, through dense tropical forests and shining lava beds, until it enfolds, in black lava shores, the ceaselessly moving waters of the bay of Hilo.
Who acts: land, forest · What happens: slope down, rage, shine, enfold, move · To what, where: raging fire pit, lava beds, black lava shores
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, forest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 land | det |
| 2 | land | land | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 slopes | nsubj |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 island | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 island | det |
| 5 | island | island | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 land | obl |
| 6 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 island | appos |
| 7 | slopes | slope | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | down | down | ADV | _ | 7 slopes | advmod |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 14 pit | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 pit | det |
| 11 | raging | rage | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 14 pit | amod |
| 12 | fire | fire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pit | compound |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 fire | punct |
| 14 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 slopes | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 mile | punct |
| 16 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 pit | conj |
| 17 | after | after | ADP | _ | 18 mile | case |
| 18 | mile | mile | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 mile | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 forests | punct |
| 20 | through | through | ADP | _ | 23 forests | case |
| 21 | dense | dense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 forests | amod |
| 22 | tropical | tropical | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 23 forests | amod |
| 23 | forests | forest | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 slopes | obl |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 shining | cc |
| 25 | shining | shine | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 forests | conj |
| 26 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 beds | compound |
| 27 | beds | bed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 shining | obj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 enfolds | punct |
| 29 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 31 enfolds | mark |
| 30 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 enfolds | nsubj |
| 31 | enfolds | enfold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 slopes | conj |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 36 shores | punct |
| 33 | in | in | ADP | _ | 36 shores | case |
| 34 | black | black | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 shores | amod |
| 35 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 shores | compound |
| 36 | shores | shore | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 enfolds | obj |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 waters | punct |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 waters | det |
| 39 | ceaselessly | ceaselessly | ADV | _ | 40 moving | advmod |
| 40 | moving | move | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 waters | amod |
| 41 | waters | water | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 shores | conj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 bay | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 bay | det |
| 44 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 waters | nmod |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 Hilo | case |
| 46 | Hilo | Hilo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 bay | nmod |
| 47 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 slopes | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | slope down | present | the land of the island | the raging fire pit and mile after mile | through dense tropical forests; down property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through forest=Location | |||
| 2 | rage | gerund | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | shine | gerund | the land of the island not said here | lava beds | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bed=Theme | ||||
| 4 | enfold | present | forest | black lava shores and the moving waters of the bay of Hilo | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | move | gerund | ceaselessly property | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/23/