Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 22
Hiiaka’s first test of patient endurance came in a battle with the kupuas of a forest lying between the volcano and the ocean.
Who acts: first test, forest, Hiiaka · What happens: come, lie, test · To what, where: battle, volcano, patient endurance
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (first test, forest, Hiiaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 test | nmod:poss |
| 2 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 1 Hiiaka | case |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 test | amod |
| 4 | test | test | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 came | nsubj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 endurance | case |
| 6 | patient | patient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 endurance | amod |
| 7 | endurance | endurance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 test | nmod |
| 8 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 battle | case |
| 10 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 11 battle | det |
| 11 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 came | obl |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 kupuas | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 kupuas | det |
| 14 | kupuas | kupua | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 battle | nmod |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 17 forest | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 forest | det |
| 17 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 kupuas | nmod |
| 18 | lying | lie | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 17 forest | acl |
| 19 | between | between | ADP | _ | 21 volcano | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 volcano | det |
| 21 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 lying | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 ocean | cc |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 ocean | det |
| 24 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 volcano | conj |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | come | past | Hiiaka's first test of patient endurance | a battle with the kupuas of a forest | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in battle=Location | ||||
| 2 | lie | gerund | a forest not said here | the volcano and the ocean | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent between volcano=Location | ||||
| 3 | test | Hiiaka | patient endurance | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/22/