Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 29
Every wicked sprite who twisted vines to make men stumble over precipices or fall into deep lava caves was his servant.
Who acts: wicked sprite, men · What happens: twist, make, stumble, fall, be · To what, where: vines, men, precipices, deep lava caves, servant
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wicked sprite, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 sprite | det |
| 2 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 sprite | amod |
| 3 | sprite | sprite | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 servant | nsubj |
| 4 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 5 twisted | nsubj |
| 5 | twisted | twist | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 sprite | acl:relcl |
| 6 | vines | vine | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 twisted | obj |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 make | mark |
| 8 | make | make | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 twisted | advcl |
| 9 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 make | obj |
| 10 | stumble | stumble | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 make | xcomp |
| 11 | over | over | ADP | _ | 12 precipices | case |
| 12 | precipices | precipice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 stumble | obl |
| 13 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 14 fall | cc |
| 14 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 stumble | conj |
| 15 | into | into | ADP | _ | 18 caves | case |
| 16 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 caves | amod |
| 17 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 caves | compound |
| 18 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 fall | obl |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 servant | cop |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 servant | nmod:poss |
| 21 | servant | servant | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 21 servant | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | twist | past | every wicked sprite | vines | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent vine=Theme | ||||
| 2 | make | to-infinitive | every wicked sprite not said here | men | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | stumble | infinitive | men not said here | precipices | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over precipice=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | fall | infinitive | men not said here | into deep lava caves result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into cave=Result | ||||
| 5 | is a | past | every wicked sprite | man's servant | man nmod:poss | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/29/