Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 30
Every demon wind, every foul fiend dwelling in dangerous branches of falling trees, every wicked gnome whirling clouds of dust or fog and wrapping them around a traveller, in fact every living thing which could in any way injure a traveller was his loyal subject.
Who acts: foul fiend, wicked gnome, living thing · What happens: dwell, fall, whirl, wrap, injure, be · To what, where: dangerous branches, clouds, traveller, living thing, way, loyal subject
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (foul fiend, wicked gnome, living thing), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 3 wind | det |
| 2 | demon | demon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wind | compound |
| 3 | wind | wind | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 fiend | punct |
| 5 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 fiend | det |
| 6 | foul | foul | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 fiend | amod |
| 7 | fiend | fiend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wind | appos |
| 8 | dwelling | dwell | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 7 fiend | acl |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 branches | case |
| 10 | dangerous | dangerous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 branches | amod |
| 11 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 dwelling | obl |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 trees | case |
| 13 | falling | fall | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 14 trees | amod |
| 14 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 branches | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 gnome | punct |
| 16 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 18 gnome | det |
| 17 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 gnome | amod |
| 18 | gnome | gnome | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 wind | conj |
| 19 | whirling | whirl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 gnome | acl |
| 20 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 whirling | obj |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 dust | case |
| 22 | dust | dust | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 clouds | nmod |
| 23 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 24 fog | cc |
| 24 | fog | fog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 dust | conj |
| 25 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 wrapping | cc |
| 26 | wrapping | wrap | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 19 whirling | conj |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 wrapping | obj |
| 28 | around | around | ADP | _ | 30 traveller | case |
| 29 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 traveller | det |
| 30 | traveller | traveller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 wrapping | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 fact | punct |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 fact | case |
| 33 | fact | fact | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 subject | obl |
| 34 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 36 thing | det |
| 35 | living | living | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 thing | compound |
| 36 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 48 subject | nsubj |
| 37 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 42 injure | obj |
| 38 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 42 injure | aux |
| 39 | in | in | ADP | _ | 41 way | case |
| 40 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 41 way | det |
| 41 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 injure | obl |
| 42 | injure | injure | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 36 thing | acl:relcl |
| 43 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 44 traveller | det |
| 44 | traveller | traveller | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 injure | obj |
| 45 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 48 subject | cop |
| 46 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 subject | nmod:poss |
| 47 | loyal | loyal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 subject | amod |
| 48 | subject | subject | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 whirling | advcl |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 wind | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dwell | gerund | every foul fiend not said here | dangerous branches of falling trees | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in branch=Location | ||||
| 2 | fall | gerund | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | whirl | gerund | every wicked gnome not said here | clouds of dust or fog | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent cloud=Theme | ||||
| 4 | wrap | gerund | every wicked gnome not said here | clouds = cloud | a traveller | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme around traveller=Destination | |||
| 5 | injure | could | every living thing | any way | a traveller obj | tree rules | |||
| 6 | is a | past | every living thing | man's loyal subject | fact | man nmod:poss | tree rules | ||
| 8 | cloud | dust or fog | nom cloud «phenomenon transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/30/