Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 31
He was the kupua chief of the vicious sprites and cruel elves of the forest above Hilo.
Who acts: man · What happens: be · To what, where: kupua chief
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 5 chief | nsubj |
| 2 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 chief | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 chief | det |
| 4 | kupua | kupua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 chief | compound |
| 5 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 sprites | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 sprites | det |
| 8 | vicious | vicious | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 sprites | amod |
| 9 | sprites | sprite | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 chief | nmod |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 elves | cc |
| 11 | cruel | cruel | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 elves | amod |
| 12 | elves | elf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 sprites | conj |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 forest | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 forest | det |
| 15 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 elves | nmod |
| 16 | above | above | ADP | _ | 17 Hilo | case |
| 17 | Hilo | Hilo | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 forest | nmod |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 chief | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | man | the kupua chief | of the vicious sprites and cruel elves of the forest above Hilo | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/31/