Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons, sentence 50
Hiiaka told her friend to hold fast to her girdle while she led the way, sweeping aside the fog with her magic skirt.
Who acts: Hiiaka · What happens: tell, hold, lead, sweep · To what, where: friend, way, fog · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka’s Battle With Demons. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hiiaka | Hiiaka | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 told | nsubj |
| 2 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 friend | nmod:poss |
| 4 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 told | iobj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 hold | mark |
| 6 | hold | hold | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 told | xcomp |
| 7 | fast | fast | ADV | Degree=Pos | 6 hold | advmod |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 girdle | case |
| 9 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 girdle | nmod:poss |
| 10 | girdle | girdle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 hold | obl |
| 11 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 13 led | mark |
| 12 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 led | nsubj |
| 13 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 told | ccomp |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 way | det |
| 15 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 led | obj |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 sweeping | punct |
| 17 | sweeping | sweep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 13 led | advcl |
| 18 | aside | aside | ADV | _ | 17 sweeping | advmod |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 fog | det |
| 20 | fog | fog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sweeping | obj |
| 21 | with | with | ADP | _ | 24 skirt | case |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 24 skirt | nmod:poss |
| 23 | magic | magic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 skirt | amod |
| 24 | skirt | skirt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 sweeping | obl |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 told | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tell speech: assert | past | Hiiaka | Hiiaka's friend | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Agent friend=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | hold not said to happen | to-infinitive | Hiiaka not said here | to Hiiaka's girdle; fast property | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 3 | lead | past | Hiiaka | the way | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Theme | ||||
| 4 | sweep | gerund | Hiiaka not said here | the fog | with Hiiaka's magic skirt; aside property | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme fog=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/16/50/