Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, sentence 17
She charged the girls to listen carefully while she told them about their father, saying: “You must not let tears fall or wailing tones come into your voices.
Who acts: Hiiaka, You, tears, wailing tones · What happens: charge, listen, tell, say, not let, fall · To what, where: girls, tears, voices · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Hiiaka, You, tears, wailing tones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | She | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 charged | nsubj |
| 2 | charged | charge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 girls | det |
| 4 | girls | girl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 charged | obj |
| 5 | to | to | PART | _ | 6 listen | mark |
| 6 | listen | listen | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 charged | advcl |
| 7 | carefully | carefully | ADV | _ | 6 listen | advmod |
| 8 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 10 told | mark |
| 9 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 told | nsubj |
| 10 | told | tell | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 charged | advcl |
| 11 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 told | iobj |
| 12 | about | about | ADP | _ | 14 father | case |
| 13 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 father | nmod:poss |
| 14 | father | father | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 told | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 saying | punct |
| 16 | saying | say | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 told | advcl |
| 17 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 22 let | punct |
| 18 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 22 let | punct |
| 19 | You | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 22 let | nsubj |
| 20 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 let | aux |
| 21 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 let | advmod |
| 22 | let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 saying | ccomp |
| 23 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 let | obj |
| 24 | fall | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 22 let | xcomp |
| 25 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 28 come | cc |
| 26 | wailing | wail | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 tones | amod |
| 27 | tones | tone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 come | nsubj |
| 28 | come | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 let | conj |
| 29 | into | into | ADP | _ | 31 voices | case |
| 30 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 31 voices | nmod:poss |
| 31 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 come | obl |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 charged | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | charge | past | Hiiaka | the girls | vn run-51.3.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial_Location girl=Theme | ||||
| 2 | listen | to-infinitive | Hiiaka not said here | carefully property | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | tell speech: assert | past | Hiiaka | girls = girl | about girls's father | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient about father=Topic | |||
| 4 | say speech: assert | gerund | Hiiaka not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 5 | not let in a quote | must | You | tears | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | fall in a quote | infinitive | tears not said here | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | wail in a quote | gerund | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 8 | come in a quote | present | wailing tones | your voices | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme into voice=Initial_Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/18/17/