Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hiiaka Catching a Ghost, sentence 91
The fisherman said that he had tried to bail the water out of his canoe, when it was hurled down into the coral caves, and he knew nothing more until the warm sun shone in his face and his eyes opened.
Who acts: fisherman, water, warm sun · What happens: say, try, bail, hurl down, know, shine · To what, where: water, canoe, coral caves, nothing, warm sun, face · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hiiaka Catching a Ghost. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (fisherman, water, warm sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 fisherman | det |
| 2 | fisherman | fisherman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 said | nsubj |
| 3 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 7 tried | mark |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 tried | nsubj |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 tried | aux |
| 7 | tried | try | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 said | ccomp |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 bail | mark |
| 9 | bail | bail | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 tried | xcomp |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 water | det |
| 11 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bail | obj |
| 12 | out | out | ADP | _ | 15 canoe | case |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 canoe | case |
| 14 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 canoe | nmod:poss |
| 15 | canoe | canoe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 bail | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 hurled | punct |
| 17 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 20 hurled | advmod |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 hurled | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 20 hurled | aux:pass |
| 20 | hurled | hurl | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 canoe | acl:relcl |
| 21 | down | down | ADP | _ | 20 hurled | compound:prt |
| 22 | into | into | ADP | _ | 25 caves | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 caves | det |
| 24 | coral | coral | NOUN | _ | 25 caves | compound |
| 25 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 hurled | obl |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 29 knew | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 knew | cc |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 knew | nsubj |
| 29 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 said | parataxis |
| 30 | nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | 29 knew | obj |
| 31 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 29 knew | advmod |
| 32 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 43 opened | mark |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 sun | det |
| 34 | warm | warm | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 sun | amod |
| 35 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 opened | nsubj |
| 36 | shone | shine | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 sun | acl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 39 face | case |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 face | nmod:poss |
| 39 | face | face | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 shone | obl |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 eyes | cc |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 42 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 face | conj |
| 43 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 knew | advcl |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the fisherman | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | try | past · perfect | fisherman | vn try-61.1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | bail not said to happen | to-infinitive | fisherman not said here | the water | water's canoe | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent water=Theme out canoe=Source | |||
| 4 | hurl down | past · passive | canoe | the coral caves | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: subject=Theme into cave=Destination | ||||
| 5 | know | past | water | nothing | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer nothing=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | shine | participle | the warm sun not said here | water's face and water's eyes | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in face=Location | ||||
| 7 | open | past | the warm sun | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/18/91/