Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 24
The islands have been built up by lava alone.
Who acts: lava · What happens: build up · To what, where: islands
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 islands | det |
| 2 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 built | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 built | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 5 built | aux:pass |
| 5 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | up | up | ADP | _ | 5 built | compound:prt |
| 7 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 lava | case |
| 8 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 built | obl |
| 9 | alone | alone | ADV | _ | 8 lava | advmod |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build up | present · perfect · passive | lava | the islands | vn caused_calibratable_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer subject=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/2/24/