Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Hawaiian Islands, sentence 25
This lava rapidly falls to pieces under the influence of sunlight and rain, thus permitting plants, such as giant ferns, small shrubs and grasses, to take root.
Who acts: lava · What happens: fall, permit, take · To what, where: influence, plants, root
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Hawaiian Islands. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (lava), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 lava | det |
| 2 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 falls | nsubj |
| 3 | rapidly | rapidly | ADV | _ | 4 falls | advmod |
| 4 | falls | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 6 pieces | case |
| 6 | pieces | piece | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 falls | obl |
| 7 | under | under | ADP | _ | 9 influence | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 influence | det |
| 9 | influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 falls | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 11 sunlight | case |
| 11 | sunlight | sunlight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 influence | nmod |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 rain | cc |
| 13 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 sunlight | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 permitting | punct |
| 15 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 16 permitting | advmod |
| 16 | permitting | permit | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 falls | advcl |
| 17 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 permitting | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 ferns | punct |
| 19 | such | such | ADJ | Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP | 22 ferns | case |
| 20 | as | as | ADP | _ | 19 such | fixed |
| 21 | giant | giant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 ferns | amod |
| 22 | ferns | fern | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 plants | conj |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 shrubs | punct |
| 24 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 shrubs | amod |
| 25 | shrubs | shrub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 plants | conj |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 grasses | cc |
| 27 | grasses | grass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 plants | conj |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 take | punct |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 take | mark |
| 30 | take | take | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 permitting | conj |
| 31 | root | root | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 take | obj |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 falls | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | present | this lava | the influence of sunlight and rain | to pieces; rapidly property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme under influence=Location | |||
| 2 | permit | gerund | this lava not said here | plants and giant ferns and small shrubs and grasses | thus property | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme | |||
| 3 | take | to-infinitive | this lava not said here | root | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent root=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/2/25/