Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 41
The darkness was the more terrific, being made visible by an awful glare from streams of red and blue light variously combined that issued from the pit below, and being lit up at intervals by the intense flashes of lightning from above.
Who acts: darkness, awful glare, streams, intense flashes, lightning · What happens: be, make, combine, issue, lit up, flash · To what, where: pit, intervals
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (darkness, awful glare, streams, intense flashes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 darkness | det |
| 2 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 terrific | nsubj |
| 3 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 terrific | cop |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 terrific | det |
| 5 | more | more | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 terrific | advmod |
| 6 | terrific | terrific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 made | punct |
| 8 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 9 made | aux:pass |
| 9 | made | make | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 terrific | conj |
| 10 | visible | visible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 made | xcomp |
| 11 | by | by | ADP | _ | 14 glare | case |
| 12 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 glare | det |
| 13 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 glare | amod |
| 14 | glare | glare | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 made | obl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 16 streams | case |
| 16 | streams | stream | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 glare | nmod |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 light | case |
| 18 | red | red | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 light | amod |
| 19 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 blue | cc |
| 20 | blue | blue | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 red | conj |
| 21 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 combined | obl |
| 22 | variously | variously | ADV | _ | 23 combined | advmod |
| 23 | combined | combine | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 streams | acl:relcl |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 25 issued | mark |
| 25 | issued | issue | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 combined | xcomp |
| 26 | from | from | ADP | _ | 28 pit | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 pit | det |
| 28 | pit | pit | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 issued | obl |
| 29 | below | below | ADV | _ | 28 pit | advmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 lit | punct |
| 31 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 lit | cc |
| 32 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 33 lit | aux:pass |
| 33 | lit | lit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 terrific | advcl |
| 34 | up | up | ADP | _ | 33 lit | compound:prt |
| 35 | at | at | ADP | _ | 36 intervals | case |
| 36 | intervals | interval | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 lit | obl |
| 37 | by | by | ADP | _ | 40 flashes | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 flashes | det |
| 39 | intense | intense | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 flashes | amod |
| 40 | flashes | flash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 lit | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 lightning | case |
| 42 | lightning | lightning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 flashes | nmod |
| 43 | from | from | ADP | _ | 44 above | case |
| 44 | above | above | ADV | _ | 33 lit | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 terrific | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past | the darkness | terrific property | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | make | gerund · passive | a awful glare from streams | visible property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | ||||
| 3 | combine | past | streams not said here | of red light; variously property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | issue | participle | streams not said here | the pit | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | lit up | gerund · passive | the intense flashes of lightning | intervals | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | flash | lightning | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/21/41/