Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army, sentence 48
So much like life they looked that they at first supposed them merely at rest, and it was not until they had come up to them and handled them that they could detect their mistake.
Who acts: others, rest · What happens: look, suppose, not be, handle, detect, mistake · To what, where: others, rest, mistake
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, The Annihilation of Keoua’s Army. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (others, rest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | So | so | ADV | _ | 2 much | advmod |
| 2 | much | much | ADV | _ | 6 looked | advmod |
| 3 | like | like | ADP | _ | 4 life | case |
| 4 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 looked | obl |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 looked | nsubj |
| 6 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 supposed | mark |
| 8 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 supposed | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | at | at | SCONJ | _ | 11 supposed | mark |
| 10 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 11 supposed | advmod |
| 11 | supposed | suppose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 looked | advcl |
| 12 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 supposed | obj |
| 13 | merely | merely | ADV | _ | 15 rest | advmod |
| 14 | at | at | ADP | _ | 15 rest | case |
| 15 | rest | rest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 supposed | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 come | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 come | cc |
| 18 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 come | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 come | cop |
| 20 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 24 come | advmod |
| 21 | until | until | SCONJ | _ | 24 come | mark |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 come | nsubj |
| 23 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 come | aux |
| 24 | come | come | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 looked | conj |
| 25 | up | up | ADV | _ | 27 them | advmod |
| 26 | to | to | ADP | _ | 27 them | case |
| 27 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 come | obl |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 handled | cc |
| 29 | handled | handle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 looked | conj |
| 30 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 handled | obj |
| 31 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 34 detect | mark |
| 32 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 detect | nsubj |
| 33 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 detect | aux |
| 34 | detect | detect | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 handled | advcl |
| 35 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 mistake | nmod:poss |
| 36 | mistake | mistake | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 detect | obj |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 looked | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | look | past | others = other | like life | vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | suppose | participle · passive | others = other | rest | noses = nose obj; first property | vn consider-29.9-2 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme they=Attribute | |||
| 3 | not is | past · perfect | rest | others = other | come property | tree rules | |||
| 4 | handle | past | others = other not said here | others = other | vn hold-15.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme | ||||
| 5 | detect | could | others = other | others's mistake | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer mistake=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | mistake | others = other | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/21/48/