Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 2
It has been announced as an extinct volcano because few signs of volcanic life appear at present; but in the year 1801 there was a very violent eruption from the foot of the mountain, and the expectation of future action is so strong that scientists classify Hualalai as “active.”
Who acts: few signs, expectation, scientists · What happens: announce, appear, be, classify, sign, expect · To what, where: island, present, violent eruption, foot, Hualalai, volcanic life
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (few signs, expectation, scientists), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 announced | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 announced | aux |
| 3 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 announced | aux:pass |
| 4 | announced | announce | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | as | as | ADP | _ | 8 volcano | case |
| 6 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 volcano | det |
| 7 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 volcano | amod |
| 8 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 announced | obl |
| 9 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 15 appear | mark |
| 10 | few | few | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 signs | amod |
| 11 | signs | sign | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 appear | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 life | case |
| 13 | volcanic | volcanic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 life | amod |
| 14 | life | life | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 signs | nmod |
| 15 | appear | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 announced | advcl |
| 16 | at | at | ADP | _ | 17 present | case |
| 17 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 appear | obl |
| 18 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 eruption | punct |
| 19 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 was | cc |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 year | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 year | det |
| 22 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 was | obl |
| 23 | 1801 | 1801 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 22 year | flat |
| 24 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 25 was | expl |
| 25 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 eruption | cop |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 eruption | det |
| 27 | very | very | ADV | _ | 28 violent | advmod |
| 28 | violent | violent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 eruption | amod |
| 29 | eruption | eruption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 announced | parataxis |
| 30 | from | from | ADP | _ | 32 foot | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 foot | det |
| 32 | foot | foot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 eruption | nmod |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 mountain | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 mountain | det |
| 35 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 foot | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 strong | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 45 strong | cc |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 expectation | det |
| 39 | expectation | expectation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 strong | nsubj |
| 40 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 action | case |
| 41 | future | future | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 42 action | amod |
| 42 | action | action | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 expectation | nmod |
| 43 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 strong | cop |
| 44 | so | so | ADV | _ | 45 strong | advmod |
| 45 | strong | strong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 eruption | parataxis |
| 46 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 48 classify | mark |
| 47 | scientists | scientist | NOUN | Number=Plur | 48 classify | nsubj |
| 48 | classify | classify | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 strong | advcl |
| 49 | Hualalai | Hualalai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 48 classify | obj |
| 50 | as | as | ADP | _ | 52 active | case |
| 51 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 52 active | punct |
| 52 | active | active | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 48 classify | obl |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 29 eruption | punct |
| 54 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 announced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | announce speech: other | present · perfect · passive | island | as a extinct volcano | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | appear | present | few signs of volcanic life | present | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at present=Location | ||||
| 3 | is a | past | a violent eruption | the foot of the mountain | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | is | present | the expectation of future action | strong property | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | classify | present | scientists | Hualalai | as active | vn characterize-29.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent hualalai=Theme as active=Attribute | |||
| 6 | sign | volcanic life | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | expect | future action | nom expectation «cognition transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/22/2/