Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 3
Ellis, writing in 1824, says: “This eruption of 1801 poured over several villages, destroyed a number of plantations and extensive fish-ponds, filled up a deep bay twenty miles in length, and formed the present coast.
Who acts: Ellis, eruption, plantations · What happens: write, say, pour, destroy, fill up, form · To what, where: 1824, several villages, number, deep bay, present coast · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ellis, eruption, plantations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ellis | Ellis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 says | nsubj |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ellis | punct |
| 3 | writing | write | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Ellis | acl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 1824 | case |
| 5 | 1824 | 1824 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 writing | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Ellis | punct |
| 7 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 14 poured | punct |
| 9 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 14 poured | punct |
| 10 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 11 eruption | det |
| 11 | eruption | eruption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 poured | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 1801 | case |
| 13 | 1801 | 1801 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 11 eruption | nmod |
| 14 | poured | pour | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 says | parataxis |
| 15 | over | over | ADP | _ | 17 villages | case |
| 16 | several | several | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 villages | amod |
| 17 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 poured | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 destroyed | punct |
| 19 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 poured | conj |
| 20 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 number | det |
| 21 | number | number | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 destroyed | obj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 plantations | case |
| 23 | plantations | plantation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 number | nmod |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 ponds | cc |
| 25 | extensive | extensive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 ponds | amod |
| 26 | fish | fish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 ponds | compound |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 26 fish | punct |
| 28 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 plantations | conj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 filled | punct |
| 30 | filled | fill | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 plantations | acl |
| 31 | up | up | ADP | _ | 30 filled | compound:prt |
| 32 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 bay | det |
| 33 | deep | deep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 bay | amod |
| 34 | bay | bay | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 filled | obl |
| 35 | twenty | twenty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 36 miles | nummod |
| 36 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 filled | obl |
| 37 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 length | case |
| 38 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 miles | nmod |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 formed | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 41 formed | cc |
| 41 | formed | form | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 poured | conj |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 coast | det |
| 43 | present | present | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 coast | amod |
| 44 | coast | coast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 formed | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | write | gerund | Ellis not said here | 1824 | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in 1824=Destination | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | present | Ellis | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | pour in a quote | past | this eruption of 1801 | several villages | vn substance_emission-43.4-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over village=Location | ||||
| 4 | destroy in a quote | past | this eruption of 1801 not said here | a number of plantations and extensive fish ponds | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent number=Patient | ||||
| 5 | fill up in a quote | participle | plantations and extensive fish ponds not said here | a deep bay | twenty miles in length obl | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | |||
| 6 | form in a quote | past | this eruption of 1801 not said here | the present coast | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location coast=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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