Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 4
An Englishman who saw the eruption has frequently told us that he was astonished at the irresistible impetuosity of the torrent.
Who acts: Englishman, eruption · What happens: see, tell, be · To what, where: eruption, us, irresistible impetuosity · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Englishman, eruption), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 Englishman | det |
| 2 | Englishman | Englishman | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 3 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 4 saw | nsubj |
| 4 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 eruption | det |
| 6 | eruption | eruption | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 told | nsubj:pass |
| 7 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 told | aux |
| 8 | frequently | frequently | ADV | _ | 9 told | advmod |
| 9 | told | tell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 saw | ccomp |
| 10 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 told | iobj |
| 11 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 14 astonished | mark |
| 12 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 astonished | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 astonished | cop |
| 14 | astonished | astonished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 told | ccomp |
| 15 | at | at | ADP | _ | 18 impetuosity | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 impetuosity | det |
| 17 | irresistible | irresistible | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 impetuosity | amod |
| 18 | impetuosity | impetuosity | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 astonished | obl |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 torrent | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 torrent | det |
| 21 | torrent | torrent | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 impetuosity | nmod |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 saw | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | see | past | a Englishman | who nsubj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | tell speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | the eruption | us | frequently property | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: subject=Recipient we=Topic | |||
| 3 | is | past | eruption | the irresistible impetuosity of the torrent | astonished property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/22/4/