Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds, sentence 6
Even large masses or rocks of ancient lava, when surrounded by the fiery stream, soon split into small fragments and falling into the burning mass appeared to melt again while borne by it down the mountain side.
Who acts: falling · What happens: surround, split, fall, burn, appear, melt down · To what, where: rocks, small fragments, burning mass, mountain side
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Destruction of Kamehameha’s Fish-ponds. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (falling), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Even | even | ADV | _ | 3 masses | advmod |
| 2 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 masses | amod |
| 3 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 rocks | nsubj |
| 4 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 5 rocks | cc |
| 5 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | root | root |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 8 lava | case |
| 7 | ancient | ancient | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 lava | amod |
| 8 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 rocks | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 surrounded | punct |
| 10 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 11 surrounded | advmod |
| 11 | surrounded | surround | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 8 lava | acl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 stream | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 stream | det |
| 14 | fiery | fiery | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 stream | amod |
| 15 | stream | stream | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 surrounded | obl:agent |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 split | punct |
| 17 | soon | soon | ADV | Degree=Pos | 18 split | advmod |
| 18 | split | split | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 rocks | acl |
| 19 | into | into | ADP | _ | 21 fragments | case |
| 20 | small | small | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 fragments | amod |
| 21 | fragments | fragment | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 split | obl |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 appeared | cc |
| 23 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 28 appeared | csubj |
| 24 | into | into | ADP | _ | 27 mass | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 mass | det |
| 26 | burning | burn | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 27 mass | amod |
| 27 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 falling | obl |
| 28 | appeared | appear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 split | conj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 melt | mark |
| 30 | melt | melt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 appeared | xcomp |
| 31 | again | again | ADV | _ | 30 melt | advmod |
| 32 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 33 borne | mark |
| 33 | borne | bear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 30 melt | advcl |
| 34 | by | by | ADP | _ | 35 it | case |
| 35 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 melt | obl |
| 36 | down | down | ADP | _ | 30 melt | compound:prt |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 side | det |
| 38 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 side | compound |
| 39 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 melt | obl |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 rocks | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | surround | participle | the fiery stream obl:agent | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 2 | split | participle | rocks large masses of ancient lava not said here | into small fragments result; soon property | vn break-45.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Patient into fragment=Result | ||||
| 3 | fall | gerund | into the burning mass result | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into mass=Result | |||||
| 4 | burn | gerund | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 5 | appear | past | falling | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 6 | melt down | to-infinitive | falling not said here | the mountain side | again | by stream | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||
| 7 | bear | participle | falling not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/22/6/