Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 77

The great crater at that time had a black ledge or shelf, below which the active lakes and fountains of fire, in many places, broke through and kept turbulent a continually changing mass over five miles in circumference.

Who acts: great crater, active lakes · What happens: have, break through, keep, change · To what, where: black ledge

This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great crater, active lakes), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 crater	det
2	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 crater	amod
3	crater	crater	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	nsubj
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 time	case
5	that	that	DET	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	6 time	det
6	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 crater	nmod
7	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 ledge	det
9	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 ledge	amod
10	ledge	ledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 had	obj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 shelf	cc
12	shelf	shelf	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 ledge	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	28 broke	punct
14	below	below	ADP	_	15 which	case
15	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	28 broke	obl
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 lakes	det
17	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 lakes	amod
18	lakes	lake	NOUN	Number=Plur	28 broke	nsubj
19	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 fountains	cc
20	fountains	fountain	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 lakes	conj
21	of	of	ADP	_	22 fire	case
22	fire	fire	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 fountains	nmod
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	26 places	punct
24	in	in	ADP	_	26 places	case
25	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	26 places	amod
26	places	place	NOUN	Number=Plur	18 lakes	conj
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	18 lakes	punct
28	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 had	parataxis
29	through	through	ADV	_	28 broke	advmod
30	and	and	CCONJ	_	31 kept	cc
31	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	28 broke	conj
32	turbulent	turbulent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	31 kept	xcomp
33	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	36 mass	det
34	continually	continually	ADV	_	35 changing	advmod
35	changing	change	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	36 mass	amod
36	mass	mass	NOUN	Number=Sing	32 turbulent	appos
37	over	over	ADP	_	39 miles	case
38	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	39 miles	nummod
39	miles	mile	NOUN	Number=Plur	36 mass	nmod
40	in	in	ADP	_	41 circumference	case
41	circumference	circumference	NOUN	Number=Sing	39 miles	nmod
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	7 had	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	have	past	the great crater at that time	a black ledge or shelf		vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ledge=Patient
2	break through	past	the active lakes and fountains of fire and many places		which obl; through property	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme below which=Location
3	keep	past	the active lakes and fountains of fire and many places not said here		turbulent property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	change	gerund			continually property	vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/77/

🌲 Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 77

The tree

Pragmatics

Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 77