Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 92
Bingham in his “Sandwich Islands” says: “Then with the terrific bellowing and whizzing of the volcanic gases they mingled their voices in a solemn hymn of praise to the true God, and at the instance of the chiefess, Alapai, one of Kapiolani’s attendants, led them in prayer.”
Who acts: Bingham, berries, terrific prayer, praise · What happens: say, bellow, whiz, mingle, lead, hymn · To what, where: solemn hymn, voices, berries, instance, chiefess · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Bingham, berries, terrific prayer, praise), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bingham | Bingham | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 says | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 Islands | case |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 Islands | nmod:poss |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 Islands | punct |
| 5 | Sandwich | sandwich | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 Islands | compound |
| 6 | Islands | Island | PROPN | Number=Plur | 1 Bingham | nmod |
| 7 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 1 Bingham | punct |
| 8 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | : | : | PUNCT | _ | 8 says | punct |
| 10 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 prayer | punct |
| 11 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 56 prayer | advmod |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 56 prayer | case |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 56 prayer | det |
| 14 | terrific | terrific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 56 prayer | amod |
| 15 | bellowing | bellow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 56 prayer | csubj |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 whizzing | cc |
| 17 | whizzing | whiz | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 15 bellowing | conj |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 gases | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 gases | det |
| 20 | volcanic | volcanic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 gases | compound |
| 21 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 whizzing | obl |
| 22 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 mingled | nsubj |
| 23 | mingled | mingle | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 gases | acl:relcl |
| 24 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 voices | nmod:poss |
| 25 | voices | voice | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 mingled | obj |
| 26 | in | in | ADP | _ | 29 hymn | case |
| 27 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 hymn | det |
| 28 | solemn | solemn | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 hymn | amod |
| 29 | hymn | hymn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 whizzing | obl |
| 30 | of | of | ADP | _ | 31 praise | case |
| 31 | praise | praise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 hymn | nmod |
| 32 | to | to | ADP | _ | 35 God | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 God | det |
| 34 | true | true | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 God | amod |
| 35 | God | God | PROPN | Number=Sing | 31 praise | nmod |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 53 led | punct |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 53 led | cc |
| 38 | at | at | ADP | _ | 40 instance | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 instance | det |
| 40 | instance | instance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 53 led | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 chiefess | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 chiefess | det |
| 43 | chiefess | chiefess | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 instance | nmod |
| 44 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 Alapai | punct |
| 45 | Alapai | Alapai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 43 chiefess | appos |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 one | punct |
| 47 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 43 chiefess | conj |
| 48 | of | of | ADP | _ | 51 attendants | case |
| 49 | Kapiolani | Kapiolani | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 attendants | nmod:poss |
| 50 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 49 Kapiolani | case |
| 51 | attendants | attendant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 one | nmod |
| 52 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 instance | punct |
| 53 | led | lead | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 56 prayer | acl |
| 54 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 53 led | obj |
| 55 | in | in | ADP | _ | 56 prayer | case |
| 56 | prayer | prayer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 says | ccomp |
| 57 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 56 prayer | punct |
| 58 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 56 prayer | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Bingham in Bingham's Sandwich Islands | the terrific prayer ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | bellow in a quote | gerund | vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||||
| 3 | whiz in a quote | gerund | a solemn hymn of praise to the true God | of the volcanic gases | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme of gas=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | mingle in a quote | past | berries = berry | berries's voices | vn mix-22.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent voice=Patient | ||||
| 5 | lead in a quote | past | the terrific prayer not said here | berries = berry | the instance of the chiefess | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme at instance=Destination | |||
| 6 | hymn in a quote | praise to the true God | nom hymn «communication intransitive»: of=agent | ||||||
| 7 | instance in a quote | the chiefess | nom instance «event transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/92/