Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Kapiolani and Pele, sentence 94
Alexander in the “History of the Hawaiian People” says, “This has justly been called one of the greatest acts of moral courage ever performed.”
Who acts: Alexander, greatest acts · What happens: say, call, perform · To what, where: This · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Kapiolani and Pele. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Alexander, greatest acts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alexander | Alexander | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 says | nsubj |
| 2 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 History | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 History | det |
| 4 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 History | punct |
| 5 | History | history | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Alexander | nmod |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 People | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 People | det |
| 8 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 People | compound |
| 9 | People | People | PROPN | Number=Plur | 5 History | nmod |
| 10 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 People | punct |
| 11 | says | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 called | punct |
| 13 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 called | punct |
| 14 | This | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 18 called | nsubj:pass |
| 15 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 called | aux |
| 16 | justly | justly | ADV | _ | 18 called | advmod |
| 17 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 18 called | aux:pass |
| 18 | called | call | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 says | ccomp |
| 19 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 called | xcomp |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 acts | case |
| 21 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 acts | det |
| 22 | greatest | great | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 23 acts | amod |
| 23 | acts | act | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 one | nmod |
| 24 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 courage | case |
| 25 | moral | moral | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 courage | amod |
| 26 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 performed | obl |
| 27 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 28 performed | advmod |
| 28 | performed | perform | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 acts | acl:relcl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 11 says | punct |
| 30 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 says | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | present | Alexander in the History of the Hawaiian People | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 2 | call in a quote | present · perfect · passive | This | one of the greatest acts xcomp; justly property | vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient | ||||
| 3 | perform in a quote | past | the greatest acts not said here | ever | of moral courage | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/23/94/