Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 19
There is not only the gathering of cloud masses rolling beneath the lover of the sublime,—this can be seen on all the large mountains of the world,—but here in the Hawaiian Islands the march of cloud armies sweeping over an ocean and spreading in ceaseless motion for miles over the lowlands receives an added element of majesty and awe when tossing, whirling cloud mountains roll into the extinct craters and slowly fill the bowl of the gods from rim to rim as the morning sun delicately touches the crater edges above the clouds with all the colors of the dawn.
Who acts: gathering, cloud masses, cloud armies, march, morning sun · What happens: be, roll, see, sweep, spread, receive · To what, where: lover, this, large mountains, ocean, ceaseless motion, added element
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (gathering, cloud masses, cloud armies, march), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 2 is | expl |
| 2 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 gathering | advmod |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 gathering | advmod |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 gathering | det |
| 6 | gathering | gathering | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 is | nsubj |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 masses | case |
| 8 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 masses | compound |
| 9 | masses | mass | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 gathering | nmod |
| 10 | rolling | roll | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 9 masses | acl |
| 11 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 13 lover | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 lover | det |
| 13 | lover | lover | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 rolling | obl |
| 14 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 16 sublime | mark |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 sublime | det |
| 16 | sublime | sublime | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 lover | acl |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
| 18 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 22 seen | punct |
| 19 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 seen | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 22 seen | aux |
| 21 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 22 seen | aux:pass |
| 22 | seen | see | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 is | parataxis |
| 23 | on | on | ADP | _ | 27 mountains | case |
| 24 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 27 mountains | det:predet |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 mountains | det |
| 26 | large | large | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 mountains | amod |
| 27 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 22 seen | obl |
| 28 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 world | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 world | det |
| 30 | world | world | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 mountains | nmod |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 here | punct |
| 32 | — | - | PUNCT | _ | 34 here | punct |
| 33 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 34 here | cc |
| 34 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 22 seen | advmod |
| 35 | in | in | ADP | _ | 38 Islands | case |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 Islands | det |
| 37 | Hawaiian | Hawaiian | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 Islands | compound |
| 38 | Islands | Island | PROPN | Number=Plur | 58 receives | obl |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 march | det |
| 40 | march | march | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 receives | nsubj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 43 armies | case |
| 42 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 armies | compound |
| 43 | armies | army | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 march | nmod |
| 44 | sweeping | sweep | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 43 armies | acl |
| 45 | over | over | ADP | _ | 47 ocean | case |
| 46 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 ocean | det |
| 47 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 sweeping | obl |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 spreading | cc |
| 49 | spreading | spread | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 44 sweeping | conj |
| 50 | in | in | ADP | _ | 52 motion | case |
| 51 | ceaseless | ceaseless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 52 motion | amod |
| 52 | motion | motion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 49 spreading | obl |
| 53 | for | for | ADP | _ | 54 miles | case |
| 54 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 spreading | obl |
| 55 | over | over | ADP | _ | 57 lowlands | case |
| 56 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 57 lowlands | det |
| 57 | lowlands | lowland | NOUN | Number=Plur | 49 spreading | obl |
| 58 | receives | receive | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 34 here | advcl |
| 59 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 61 element | det |
| 60 | added | add | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 61 element | amod |
| 61 | element | element | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 receives | obj |
| 62 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 majesty | case |
| 63 | majesty | majesty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 element | nmod |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 65 awe | cc |
| 65 | awe | awe | NOUN | Number=Sing | 61 element | conj |
| 66 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 67 tossing | advmod |
| 67 | tossing | toss | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 58 receives | advcl |
| 68 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 whirling | punct |
| 69 | whirling | whirl | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 72 roll | nsubj |
| 70 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 mountains | compound |
| 71 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 69 whirling | obj |
| 72 | roll | roll | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 seen | parataxis |
| 73 | into | into | ADP | _ | 76 craters | case |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 76 craters | det |
| 75 | extinct | extinct | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 76 craters | amod |
| 76 | craters | crater | NOUN | Number=Plur | 72 roll | obl |
| 77 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 79 fill | cc |
| 78 | slowly | slowly | ADV | _ | 79 fill | advmod |
| 79 | fill | fill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 72 roll | conj |
| 80 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 81 bowl | det |
| 81 | bowl | bowl | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 fill | obj |
| 82 | of | of | ADP | _ | 84 gods | case |
| 83 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 84 gods | det |
| 84 | gods | god | NOUN | Number=Plur | 81 bowl | nmod |
| 85 | from | from | ADP | _ | 86 rim | case |
| 86 | rim | rim | NOUN | Number=Sing | 79 fill | obl |
| 87 | to | to | PART | _ | 88 rim | mark |
| 88 | rim | rim | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 79 fill | advcl |
| 89 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 94 touches | mark |
| 90 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 92 sun | det |
| 91 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 92 sun | compound |
| 92 | sun | sun | NOUN | Number=Sing | 94 touches | nsubj |
| 93 | delicately | delicately | ADV | _ | 94 touches | advmod |
| 94 | touches | touch | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 88 rim | advcl |
| 95 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 97 edges | det |
| 96 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 97 edges | compound |
| 97 | edges | edge | NOUN | Number=Plur | 94 touches | obj |
| 98 | above | above | ADP | _ | 100 clouds | case |
| 99 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 100 clouds | det |
| 100 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 97 edges | nmod |
| 101 | with | with | ADP | _ | 104 colors | case |
| 102 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 104 colors | det:predet |
| 103 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 104 colors | det |
| 104 | colors | color | NOUN | Number=Plur | 100 clouds | nmod |
| 105 | of | of | ADP | _ | 107 dawn | case |
| 106 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 107 dawn | det |
| 107 | dawn | dawn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 104 colors | nmod |
| 108 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 is | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | present | the gathering of cloud masses | there | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | roll | gerund | cloud masses not said here | the lover | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme beneath lover=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | see | can · passive | this | all large mountains of the world; here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Stimulus | ||||
| 4 | sweep | gerund | cloud armies not said here | a ocean | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over ocean=Trajectory | ||||
| 5 | spread | gerund | cloud armies not said here | ceaseless motion | for miles; over the lowlands | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in motion=Location | |||
| 6 | receive | present | the march of cloud armies | a added element of majesty and awe | the Hawaiian Islands | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent element=Theme in island=Location | |||
| 7 | add speech: assert | participle | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient | ||||||
| 8 | toss | gerund | the march of cloud armies not said here | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 9 | whirl | gerund | cloud mountains | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent mountain=Theme | |||||
| 10 | roll | present | the extinct craters | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into crater=Destination | |||||
| 11 | fill | infinitive | the bowl of the gods | rim | slowly property | vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bowl=Patient | |||
| 12 | rim | to-infinitive | vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 13 | touch | present | the morning sun | the crater edges | the clouds with all colors of the dawn | delicately property | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme edge=Co-Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/26/19/