Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Hawaiian Volcanoes, sentence 3
They seem to have had mighty explosions after they had been built into mountains, and one side of the crater has usually been blown out or has slid down into the ocean, leaving very high, steep side walls around irregularly shaped valleys opening toward the sea.
Who acts: craters, shaped valleys · What happens: seem, have, build, blow out, slide down, leave · To what, where: mighty explosions, craters, mountains, one side, ocean, high steep side walls
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Hawaiian Volcanoes. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (craters, shaped valleys), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | They | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 seem | nsubj |
| 2 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 5 had | mark |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 5 had | aux |
| 5 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 2 seem | xcomp |
| 6 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 explosions | amod |
| 7 | explosions | explosion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 had | obj |
| 8 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 12 built | mark |
| 9 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 12 built | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 built | aux |
| 11 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 built | aux:pass |
| 12 | built | build | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 had | advcl |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 14 mountains | case |
| 14 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 built | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 blown | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 blown | cc |
| 17 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 18 side | nummod |
| 18 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 blown | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 crater | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 crater | det |
| 21 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 side | nmod |
| 22 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 25 blown | aux |
| 23 | usually | usually | ADV | _ | 25 blown | advmod |
| 24 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 blown | aux:pass |
| 25 | blown | blow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 seem | conj |
| 26 | out | out | ADP | _ | 25 blown | compound:prt |
| 27 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 29 slid | cc |
| 28 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 29 slid | aux |
| 29 | slid | slide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 25 blown | conj |
| 30 | down | down | ADP | _ | 29 slid | compound:prt |
| 31 | into | into | ADP | _ | 33 ocean | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 ocean | det |
| 33 | ocean | ocean | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 slid | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 leaving | punct |
| 35 | leaving | leave | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 29 slid | advcl |
| 36 | very | very | ADV | _ | 37 high | advmod |
| 37 | high | high | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 walls | amod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 37 high | punct |
| 39 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 walls | amod |
| 40 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 walls | compound |
| 41 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 leaving | obj |
| 42 | around | around | ADP | _ | 45 valleys | case |
| 43 | irregularly | irregularly | ADV | _ | 44 shaped | advmod |
| 44 | shaped | shape | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 45 valleys | amod |
| 45 | valleys | valley | NOUN | Number=Plur | 35 leaving | obl |
| 46 | opening | open | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 45 valleys | acl |
| 47 | toward | toward | ADP | _ | 49 sea | case |
| 48 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 49 sea | det |
| 49 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 opening | obl |
| 50 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 seem | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present | craters = crater | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | have | to-infinitive · perfect | craters = crater not said here | mighty explosions | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explosion=Patient | ||||
| 3 | build | past · perfect · passive | craters = crater | mountains | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: subject=Material into mountain=Product | ||||
| 4 | blow out | present · perfect · passive | one side of the crater | usually property | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 5 | slide down | present · perfect | the ocean | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme into ocean=Destination | |||||
| 6 | leave | gerund | high steep side walls | shaped valleys | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent wall=Theme around valley=Location | ||||
| 7 | shape | participle | irregularly property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset | |||||
| 8 | open | gerund | shaped valleys not said here | toward the sea | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/26/3/