Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 24
We had to sit on the ground, bracing with hands and feet, to keep from rolling over.”
Who acts: We · What happens: have, sit, brace, keep, roll over · To what, where: ground
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | We | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | to | to | PART | _ | 4 sit | mark |
| 4 | sit | sit | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 2 had | xcomp |
| 5 | on | on | ADP | _ | 7 ground | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 ground | det |
| 7 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 sit | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 bracing | punct |
| 9 | bracing | brace | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 sit | advcl |
| 10 | with | with | ADP | _ | 11 hands | case |
| 11 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 bracing | obl |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 feet | cc |
| 13 | feet | foot | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 hands | conj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 keep | punct |
| 15 | to | to | PART | _ | 16 keep | mark |
| 16 | keep | keep | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 sit | conj |
| 17 | from | from | SCONJ | _ | 18 rolling | mark |
| 18 | rolling | roll | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 16 keep | advcl |
| 19 | over | over | ADV | _ | 18 rolling | advmod |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
| 21 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | We | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | sit | to-infinitive | We not said here | the ground | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location | ||||
| 3 | brace | gerund | We not said here | with hands and feet | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | keep | to-infinitive | We not said here | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | roll over | gerund | We not said here | over property | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/24/