Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Volcanic Activity, sentence 59
During these months of 1874–1875 there were magnificent exhibitions of clouds reflecting volcanic fires caused by the upburst of lava fountains.
Who acts: magnificent exhibitions, clouds · What happens: be, reflect, cause, exhibit · To what, where: volcanic fires, clouds
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Volcanic Activity. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (magnificent exhibitions, clouds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 months | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 months | det |
| 3 | months | month | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 were | obl |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 1874 | case |
| 5 | 1874 | 1874 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 3 months | nmod |
| 6 | – | – | SYM | ExtPos=ADP | 7 1875 | case |
| 7 | 1875 | 1875 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 5 1874 | nmod |
| 8 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 9 were | expl |
| 9 | were | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 10 | magnificent | magnificent | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 exhibitions | amod |
| 11 | exhibitions | exhibition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 were | nsubj |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 13 clouds | case |
| 13 | clouds | cloud | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 exhibitions | nmod |
| 14 | reflecting | reflect | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 clouds | acl |
| 15 | volcanic | volcanic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 fires | compound |
| 16 | fires | fire | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 reflecting | obj |
| 17 | caused | cause | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 16 fires | acl |
| 18 | by | by | ADP | _ | 20 upburst | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 upburst | det |
| 20 | upburst | upburst | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 caused | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 fountains | case |
| 22 | lava | lava | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 fountains | compound |
| 23 | fountains | fountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 20 upburst | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 were | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | be | past | magnificent exhibitions of clouds | there | month | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||
| 2 | reflect | gerund | clouds not said here | volcanic fires | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | cause | participle | volcanic fires not said here | by the upburst of lava fountains | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition | ||||
| 4 | exhibit | clouds | nom exhibition «act transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/27/59/