Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 12
Rev. William Ellis, author of “Polynesian Researches,” and a deputation of the American missionaries studying the opportunities for missionary labor, while making a tour around Hawaii in 1823, visited Kilauea and wrote the following description of the volcano.
Who acts: American missionaries, William · What happens: study, make, visit, write, follow, describe · To what, where: opportunities, tour, Hawaii, Kilauea, following description, volcano
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (American missionaries, William), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Rev. | Rev. | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 William | nmod:desc |
| 2 | William | William | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 visited | nsubj |
| 3 | Ellis | Ellis | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 William | flat |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 author | punct |
| 5 | author | author | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 William | appos |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 Researches | case |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Researches | punct |
| 8 | Polynesian | polynesian | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 Researches | amod |
| 9 | Researches | research | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 author | nmod |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Researches | punct |
| 11 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Researches | punct |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 14 deputation | cc |
| 13 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 14 deputation | det |
| 14 | deputation | deputation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 Researches | conj |
| 15 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 missionaries | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 missionaries | det |
| 17 | American | American | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 18 missionaries | amod |
| 18 | missionaries | missionary | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 deputation | nmod |
| 19 | studying | study | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 18 missionaries | acl |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 opportunities | det |
| 21 | opportunities | opportunity | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 studying | obj |
| 22 | for | for | ADP | _ | 24 labor | case |
| 23 | missionary | missionary | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 labor | amod |
| 24 | labor | labor | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 opportunities | nmod |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 making | punct |
| 26 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 27 making | mark |
| 27 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 author | conj |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 29 tour | det |
| 29 | tour | tour | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 making | obj |
| 30 | around | around | ADP | _ | 31 Hawaii | case |
| 31 | Hawaii | Hawaii | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 tour | nmod |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 1823 | case |
| 33 | 1823 | 1823 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 29 tour | nmod |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 2 William | punct |
| 35 | visited | visit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 36 | Kilauea | Kilauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 visited | obj |
| 37 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 wrote | cc |
| 38 | wrote | write | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 visited | conj |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 description | det |
| 40 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 41 description | amod |
| 41 | description | description | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 wrote | obj |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 volcano | case |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 volcano | det |
| 44 | volcano | volcano | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 description | nmod |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 35 visited | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | study | gerund | the American missionaries not said here | the opportunities | for missionary labor | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent opportunity=Theme for labor=Attribute | |||
| 2 | make | gerund | William Rev. not said here | a tour | Hawaii | in 1823 | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset tour=Product | ||
| 3 | visit | past | William Rev. | Kilauea | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kilauea=Co-Agent | ||||
| 4 | write | past | William Rev. not said here | the following description of the volcano | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent description=Theme | ||||
| 5 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 6 | describe | the volcano | nom description «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/12/