Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 19
Concerning Pele the natives said, “Kirauea had been burning ever since the islands had emerged from night, but it was not inhabited till after the ‘Tai a ka Hina rii,’ the sea or deluge of Hina the chief.”
Who acts: natives, Kirauea · What happens: concern, say, burn, emerge, not inhabit · To what, where: islands, part · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (natives, Kirauea), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Concerning | concern | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 Pele | case |
| 2 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 said | obl |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 natives | det |
| 4 | natives | native | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 said | nsubj |
| 5 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 burning | punct |
| 7 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 burning | punct |
| 8 | Kirauea | Kirauea | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 burning | nsubj |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 burning | aux |
| 10 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 11 burning | aux |
| 11 | burning | burn | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 said | ccomp |
| 12 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 11 burning | advmod |
| 13 | since | since | SCONJ | _ | 17 emerged | mark |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 islands | det |
| 15 | islands | island | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 emerged | nsubj:pass |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 emerged | aux |
| 17 | emerged | emerge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 11 burning | advcl |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 19 night | case |
| 19 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 emerged | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 inhabited | punct |
| 21 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 25 inhabited | cc |
| 22 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 inhabited | nsubj:pass |
| 23 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 inhabited | aux:pass |
| 24 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 25 inhabited | advmod |
| 25 | inhabited | inhabit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 said | conj |
| 26 | till | till | ADP | _ | 30 Tai | case |
| 27 | after | after | ADP | _ | 30 Tai | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 Tai | det |
| 29 | ‘ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 30 Tai | punct |
| 30 | Tai | Tai | PROPN | Number=Sing | 25 inhabited | obl |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 34 rii | det |
| 32 | ka | ka | X | Foreign=Yes | 34 rii | dep |
| 33 | Hina | Hina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 rii | compound |
| 34 | rii | rii | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 Tai | appos |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 sea | punct |
| 36 | ’ | ' | PUNCT | _ | 38 sea | punct |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 sea | det |
| 38 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 inhabited | obl |
| 39 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 40 deluge | cc |
| 40 | deluge | deluge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 sea | conj |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 42 Hina | case |
| 42 | Hina | Hina | PROPN | Number=Sing | 38 sea | nmod |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 chief | det |
| 44 | chief | chief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 inhabited | obj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
| 46 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | concern | gerund | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | the natives | concern Pele | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | burn in a quote | past · perfect · progressive | Kirauea | ever | vn light_emission-43.1 «NP.location V PP.theme»: agent=Location | ||||
| 4 | emerge in a quote | past · perfect · passive | the islands | night | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 5 | not inhabit in a quote | past · passive | part | till the Tai | the sea of Hina or deluge obl; the chief obj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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