Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology), Changes in Kilauea Crater, sentence 18
No great explosion, they added, had taken place since the days of Keoua (a part of whose army was destroyed by a shower of ashes and foul gases in 1790), but many places near the sea had since been overflowed, on which occasions Pele went by a road underground from her house in the crater to the shore.”
Who acts: great explosion, shower, Pele · What happens: add, take, destroy, overflow, occasion, go · To what, where: place, part, many places, house · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Changes in Kilauea Crater. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (great explosion, shower, Pele), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | No | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 3 explosion | det |
| 2 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 explosion | amod |
| 3 | explosion | explosion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 added | nsubj |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 explosion | punct |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 added | nsubj |
| 6 | added | add | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 taken | punct |
| 8 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 taken | aux |
| 9 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 6 added | ccomp |
| 10 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 taken | obj |
| 11 | since | since | ADP | _ | 13 days | case |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 days | det |
| 13 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 taken | obl |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 Keoua | case |
| 15 | Keoua | Keoua | PROPN | Number=Sing | 13 days | nmod |
| 16 | ( | ( | PUNCT | _ | 18 part | punct |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 part | det |
| 18 | part | part | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 destroyed | nsubj:pass |
| 19 | of | of | ADP | _ | 21 army | case |
| 20 | whose | whose | PRON | Poss=Yes PronType=Rel | 21 army | nmod:poss |
| 21 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 part | nmod |
| 22 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 destroyed | aux:pass |
| 23 | destroyed | destroy | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 taken | parataxis |
| 24 | by | by | ADP | _ | 26 shower | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 shower | det |
| 26 | shower | shower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 destroyed | obl |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 28 ashes | case |
| 28 | ashes | ash | NOUN | Number=Plur | 26 shower | nmod |
| 29 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 gases | cc |
| 30 | foul | foul | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 31 gases | amod |
| 31 | gases | gas | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 ashes | conj |
| 32 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 1790 | case |
| 33 | 1790 | 1790 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 31 gases | nmod |
| 34 | ) | ) | PUNCT | _ | 33 1790 | punct |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 overflowed | punct |
| 36 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 45 overflowed | cc |
| 37 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 38 places | amod |
| 38 | places | place | NOUN | Number=Plur | 45 overflowed | obl |
| 39 | near | near | ADP | _ | 41 sea | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 sea | det |
| 41 | sea | sea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 places | nmod |
| 42 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 45 overflowed | aux |
| 43 | since | since | ADV | _ | 45 overflowed | advmod |
| 44 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 45 overflowed | aux:pass |
| 45 | overflowed | overflow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 added | conj |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 49 occasions | punct |
| 47 | on | on | ADP | _ | 48 which | case |
| 48 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 49 occasions | nsubj |
| 49 | occasions | occasion | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 45 overflowed | conj |
| 50 | Pele | Pele | PROPN | Number=Sing | 51 went | nsubj |
| 51 | went | go | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 49 occasions | ccomp |
| 52 | by | by | ADP | _ | 54 road | case |
| 53 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 54 road | det |
| 54 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 went | obl |
| 55 | underground | underground | ADV | _ | 51 went | advmod |
| 56 | from | from | ADP | _ | 58 house | case |
| 57 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 58 house | nmod:poss |
| 58 | house | house | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 went | obl |
| 59 | in | in | ADP | _ | 61 crater | case |
| 60 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 61 crater | det |
| 61 | crater | crater | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 went | obl |
| 62 | to | to | ADP | _ | 64 shore | case |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 shore | det |
| 64 | shore | shore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 went | obl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 added | punct |
| 66 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 6 added | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | add speech: assert | past | no great explosion | explosions = explosion nsubj | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | take | past · perfect | place | day | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Theme | ||||
| 3 | destroy | past · passive | a shower of ashes and foul gases in 1790 | a part of a part of a part's army's army | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient | ||||
| 4 | overflow | past · perfect · passive | no great explosion not said here | many places near the sea | since property | tree rules | |||
| 5 | occasion | present | which nsubj | tree rules | |||||
| 6 | go | past | Pele | Pele's house | by a road; in the crater; to the shore; underground property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme from house=Initial_Location to shore=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Hawaiian Legends of Volcanoes (mythology)» by W. D. Westervelt, Project Gutenberg book 66516 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg66516/28/18/